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Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Among the most prevalent multimorbidities that accompany the aging process, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) stand out, representing the main causes of hospital admissions in the world. The prevalence of COPD coexistence in patients with CHF is higher than in control subjects, given the common risk factors associated with a complex process of chronic diseases developing in the aging process. COPD-CHF coexistence confers a marked negative impact on mechanical-ventilatory, cardiocirculatory, autonomic, gas exchange, muscular, ventilatory, and cerebral blood flow, further impairing the reduced exercise capacity and health status of either condition alone. In this context, integrated approach to the cardiopulmonary based on pharmacological optimization and non-pharmacological treatment (i.e., exercise-based cardiopulmonary and metabolic rehabilitation) can be emphatically encouraged by health professionals as they are safe and well-tolerated, reducing hospital readmissions, morbidity, and mortality. This review aims to explore aerobic exercise, the cornerstone of cardiopulmonary and metabolic rehabilitation, resistance and inspiratory muscle training and exercise-based rehabilitation delivery models in patients with COPD-CHF multimorbidities across the continuum of the disease. In addition, the review address the importance of adjuncts to enhance exercise capacity in these patients, which may be used to optimize the gains obtained in these programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.729073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T18:05:29Z","timestamp":1634148329000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Exercise-Based Rehabilitation Delivery Models in Comorbid Chronic Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Audrey","family":"Borghi-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana S.","family":"Garcia-Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliane","family":"Winkermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia R.","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Bassi-Dibai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1ssia da Luz","family":"Goulart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snehil","family":"Dixit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Dionir","family":"Back","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata G.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Noncommunicable Diseases Progress Monitor","year":"2020"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly110","article-title":"Frailty and multimorbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Veltrano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2006.01.010","article-title":"Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an ignored combination?","volume":"8","author":"Rutten","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.07.059","article-title":"Prevalence and management of COPD and heart failure comorbidity in the general practitioner setting","volume":"131","author":"Pirina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Repir Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200007273430407","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"343","author":"Barnes","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2016:25:2","article-title":"Global public health burden of heart failure","volume":"3","author":"Savarese","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiac Fail Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S31236","article-title":"The association between COPD and heart failure risk: a review","volume":"8","author":"De Miguel D\u00edez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs104","article-title":"ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 of the European Society of cardiology. 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