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Either from arterial vessel wall or blood circulation, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, foam cells, and platelets have been considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Exosomes, as natural nano-carriers and intercellular messengers, play a significant role in modulation of cell-to-cell communication. Under physiological or pathological conditions, exosomes can deliver their cargos including donor cell-specific proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to target cells, which in turn affect the function of the target cells. In this review, we will describe the pathophysiological significance of various exosomes derived from different cell types associated with atherosclerosis, and the potential applications of exosome in clinical diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.738031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T16:11:56Z","timestamp":1629994316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Exosomes and 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