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Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gastrocardiac syndrome was coined originally at the beginning of the 19<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> century to describe an alleged gastric-cardiopathy with reflux heartburn mimicking cardiac chest pain. Today, a wider perspective of gastrocardiac syndrome has emerged. First, the cardiovascular risk factor chronic systemic inflammation may reflect gastroenterological inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal infections, in particular, chronic <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. Furthermore, since contemporary treatment of cardiovascular disease commonly includes potent antithrombotic medications, the cardiovascular benefit in terms of a decrease in the incidence of recurrent ischemic events and death needs to be carefully balanced with an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Several strategies to target chronic gastrointestinal inflammation and to diagnose and treat <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and gastrointestinal bleeding are available but residual controversy remains and large-scale gastro-cardiology trials are needed to determine the optimal treatment approaches. In perspective, the centennial gastrocardiac syndrome is more relevant than ever in a contemporary gastroenterology and cardiology setting. A collaborative subspecialty, namely Gastro-cardiology, would introduce novel unique means to study, diagnose and treat gastrocardiac conditions with the aim to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and bleeding events to improve the prognosis for gastro-cardiology patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.764478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T07:54:49Z","timestamp":1637135689000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Gastro-Cardiology: A Novel Perspective for the Gastrocardiac Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Robin","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"B\u00e4ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Der gastro-kardiale Symptomenkomplex, eine besondere Form sog","volume":"3","author":"Roemheld","year":"1913","journal-title":"Herzneurose Fortschr Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0169-2","article-title":"Inflammation and its resolution in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"16","author":"Back","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeab029","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular diseases: a concise review","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Open."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa227","article-title":"Lipid profiles in patients with ulcerative colitis receiving tofacitinib-implications for cardiovascular risk and patient management","volume":"27","author":"Sands","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914","article-title":"Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease","volume":"377","author":"Ridker","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-014-0720-4","article-title":"Clinical significance of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with acute coronary syndromes: an overview of current evidence","volume":"103","author":"Budzynski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18348","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018348","article-title":"Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on the risk of acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312288","article-title":"Management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht V\/Florence Consensus Report","volume":"66","author":"Malfertheiner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab253","article-title":"Back M. 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