{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T17:38:26Z","timestamp":1789925906912,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":228,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common type of endocrine hypertension, and numerous experimental and clinical evidence have verified that prolonged exposure to excess aldosterone is responsible for an increased risk of cerebro-cardiovascular events and target organ damage (TOD) in patients with PA. Therefore, focusing on restoring the toxic effects of excess aldosterone on the target organs is very important to reduce cerebro-cardiovascular events. Current evidence convincingly demonstrates that both surgical and medical treatment strategies would benefit cerebro-cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in the long term. Understanding cerebro-cardiovascular risk in PA would help clinical doctors to achieve both early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize the cerebro-cardiovascular risk in PA, focusing on the TOD of aldosterone, including brain, heart, vascular system, renal, adipose tissues, diabetes, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Furthermore, the various treatment outcomes of adrenalectomy and medical treatment for patients with PA will also be discussed. We hope this knowledge will help improve cerebro-cardiovascular prognosis and reduce the incidence and mortality of cerebro-cardiovascular events in patients with PA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.798364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T05:17:14Z","timestamp":1643779034000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Cerebro-Cardiovascular Risk, Target Organ Damage, and Treatment Outcomes in Primary Aldosteronism"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Hasnain Ehsan","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Kang","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Min","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-Qing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002441","article-title":"Prevalence of primary aldosteronism and association with cardiovascular complications in patients with resistant and refractory hypertension","volume":"38","author":"Parasiliti-Caprino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14359","article-title":"Screening Rates for Primary Aldosteronism in Resistant Hypertension: A Cohort Study.Hypertension","volume":"75","author":"Jaffe","year":"2020"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32831286fd","article-title":"Arterial stiffness, intima-media thickness and carotid artery fibrosis in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"26","author":"Bernini","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.015","article-title":"Evidence for an increased rate of cardiovascular events in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"45","author":"Milliez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30319-4","article-title":"Cardiovascular events and target organ damage in primary aldosteronism compared with essential hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Monticone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2006.02.002","article-title":"Increased arterial wall stiffness in primary aldosteronism in comparison with essential hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Strauch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-009-0076-8","article-title":"Aldosterone cardiovascular risk","volume":"11","author":"Vogt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1159\/000340031","article-title":"Vascular disturbances in primary aldosteronism: clinical evidence","volume":"35","author":"Widimsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.33","article-title":"Cardiovascular outcomes in patients with primary aldosteronism after treatment","volume":"168","author":"Catena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00030.2003","article-title":"Control of aldosterone secretion: a model for convergence in cellular signaling pathways","volume":"84","author":"Sp\u00e4t","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17070797","article-title":"Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system beyond blood pressure regulation: molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in end-organ damage during arterial hypertension","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Durango","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.11.1485","article-title":"Aldosterone, not estradiol, is the physiological agonist for rapid increases in cAMP in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"99","author":"Christ","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H176","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00421.2002","article-title":"Aldosterone stimulates proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts by activating Ki-RasA and MAPK1\/2 signaling","volume":"284","author":"Stockand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.2484","article-title":"Rapid effects of aldosterone on free intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells: subcellular localization of calcium elevations by single cell imaging","volume":"204","author":"Wehling","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-020-00700-9","article-title":"Recent insights into sodium and potassium handling by the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron: implications on pathophysiology and drug discovery","volume":"33","author":"Rossi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nephrol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-020-00439-7","article-title":"The Cl(-)\/HCO(3)(-) exchanger pendrin is downregulated during oral co-administration of exogenous mineralocorticoid and KCl in patients with primary aldosteronism","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-021-00537-0","article-title":"Renal tubular transport protein regulation in primary aldosteronism: can large-scale proteomic analysis offer a new insight?","author":"Stavropoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0469","article-title":"Human mineralocorticoid receptor expression renders cells responsive for nongenotropic aldosterone actions","volume":"19","author":"Grossmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol (Baltimore, Md)."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.02.030","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and kidney diseases: pathophysiological basis","volume":"96","author":"Barrera-Chimal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689360","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/689360","article-title":"The Renin-Angiotensin-aldosterone system in vascular inflammation and remodeling","volume":"2014","author":"Pacurari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Inflam"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04488","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor activation and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment in cardiac and renal diseases","volume":"65","author":"Bauersachs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03936","article-title":"Circulating aldosterone and natriuretic peptides in the general community: relationship to cardiorenal and metabolic disease","volume":"65","author":"Buglioni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2018.33.4.429","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism and cerebrovascular diseases","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul, Korea)."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.5.1863","article-title":"Primary hyperaldosteronism in essential hypertensives: prevalence, biochemical profile, molecular biology","volume":"85","author":"Fardella","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1565124","article-title":"Cardiovascular Risk in Primary Hyperaldosteronism","volume":"47","author":"Prejbisz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000154365.30593.d3","article-title":"Aldosterone activates vascular p38MAP kinase and NADPH oxidase via c-Src","volume":"45","author":"Callera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4642fje","article-title":"Aldosterone mediates angiotensin II-induced interstitial cardiac fibrosis via a Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase","volume":"20","author":"Johar","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000127949.05756.9D","article-title":"Aldosterone administration to mice stimulates macrophage NADPH oxidase and increases atherosclerosis development: a possible role for angiotensin-converting enzyme and the receptors for angiotensin II and aldosterone","volume":"109","author":"Keidar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3571","article-title":"Human red blood cells alterations in primary aldosteronism","volume":"98","author":"Bordin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B30","first-page":"314","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor is involved in the aldosterone pathway in human red blood cells","volume":"8","author":"Bordin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Transl"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000034738.79310.06","article-title":"Spironolactone improves angiotensin-induced vascular changes and oxidative stress","volume":"40","author":"Virdis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.121954","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism attenuates vascular apoptosis and injury via rescuing protein kinase B activation","volume":"53","author":"Wei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000284","article-title":"Oxidative stress in patients affected by primary aldosteronism","volume":"32","author":"Petramala","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.31.363","article-title":"Aldosterone nongenomically produces NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species and induces myocyte apoptosis","volume":"31","author":"Hayashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertens Res."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-005-2348-y","article-title":"The mineralocorticoid receptor and oxidative stress","volume":"10","author":"Fiebeler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0864","article-title":"Aldosterone induces superoxide generation via Rac1 activation in endothelial cells","volume":"149","author":"Iwashima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B37","first-page":"329","article-title":"Spironolactone inhibits NADPH oxidase-induced oxidative stress and enhances eNOS in human endothelial cells","volume":"10","author":"Taye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1545","article-title":"Aldosterone impairs vascular reactivity by decreasing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity","volume":"13","author":"Leopold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2891","article-title":"Direct regulation of blood pressure by smooth muscle cell mineralocorticoid receptors","volume":"18","author":"McCurley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2007.07.008","article-title":"Cross-talk between aldosterone and angiotensin II in vascular smooth muscle cell senescence","volume":"76","author":"Min","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/00041552-200303000-00007","article-title":"Recent advances in intracellular signalling in hypertension","volume":"12","author":"Touyz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005040390","article-title":"Aldosterone stimulates reactive oxygen species production through activation of NADPH oxidase in rat mesangial cells","volume":"16","author":"Miyata","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000118519.66430.22","article-title":"Possible contributions of reactive oxygen species and mitogen-activated protein kinase to renal injury in aldosterone\/salt-induced hypertensive rats","volume":"43","author":"Nishiyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000255636.11931.a2","article-title":"Podocyte as the target for aldosterone: roles of oxidative stress and Sgk1","volume":"49","author":"Shibata","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F73","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00435.2007","article-title":"Aldosterone induces mesangial cell apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro","volume":"295","author":"Mathew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00929.x","article-title":"Aldosterone\/salt induces renal inflammation and fibrosis in hypertensive rats.Kidney international","volume":"63","author":"Blasi","year":"2003"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.307031","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid Receptor Deficiency in Macrophages Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia and Suppresses Macrophage Inflammation Through SGK1-AP1\/NF-\u03baB Pathways","volume":"36","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.270","article-title":"Hypertension augments cardiac Toll-like receptor 4 expression and activity","volume":"34","author":"Eissler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertensi Res."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2017.12.011","article-title":"Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin from immune cells is mandatory for aldosterone-induced cardiac remodeling and inflammation","volume":"115","author":"Buonafine","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802886","article-title":"Aldosterone promotes autoimmune damage by enhancing Th17-mediated immunity","volume":"184","author":"Herrada","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore, Md.: 1950)"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.07.057","article-title":"Aldosterone promotes fibronectin production through a Smad2-dependent TGF-beta1 pathway in mesangial cells","volume":"348","author":"Lai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63486-4","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta-dependent and -independent pathways of induction of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in beta6(-\/-) mice","volume":"163","author":"Ma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0145946","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145946","article-title":"Aldosterone Induces Renal Fibrosis and Inflammatory M1-Macrophage Subtype via Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Rats","volume":"11","author":"Mart\u00edn-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.5.1078","article-title":"Local angiotensin II and transforming growth factor-beta1 in renal fibrosis of rats","volume":"35","author":"Sun","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00277.x","article-title":"Aldosterone modulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and glomerulosclerosis in vivo","volume":"58","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01967","article-title":"Smooth muscle cell mineralocorticoid receptors are mandatory for aldosterone-salt to induce vascular stiffness","volume":"63","author":"Galmiche","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1287","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00017.2008","volume":"294","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.302854","article-title":"Aldosterone promotes vascular remodeling by direct effects on smooth muscle cell mineralocorticoid receptors","volume":"34","author":"Pruthi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00226785","article-title":"Effects of angiotensin II and aldosterone on collagen gene expression and protein turnover in cardiac fibroblasts","volume":"154","author":"Zhou","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2008.09.018","article-title":"Aldosterone induces myofibroblastic transdifferentiation and collagen gene expression through the Rho-kinase dependent signaling pathway in rat mesangial cells","volume":"314","author":"Diah","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.08.047","article-title":"Aldosterone stimulates fibronectin synthesis in renal fibroblasts through mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent and independent mechanisms","volume":"531","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gene."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.102640","article-title":"Osteopontin in rat renal fibroblasts: functional properties and transcriptional regulation by aldosterone","volume":"51","author":"Irita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1159\/000339500","article-title":"Aldosterone induces kidney fibroblast proliferation via activation of growth factor receptors and PI3K\/MAPK signalling","volume":"120","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephron Exp Nephrol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09791","article-title":"Aldosterone Target NGAL (Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin) Is Involved in Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction Through NF\u03baB Pathway","volume":"70","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05431","article-title":"Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, a novel mineralocorticoid biotarget, mediates vascular profibrotic effects of mineralocorticoids","volume":"66","author":"Tarjus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2014.184","article-title":"Targeting CTGF, EGF and PDGF pathways to prevent progression of kidney disease. Nature reviews","volume":"10","author":"Kok","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nephrology."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43060","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308134200","article-title":"Aldosterone stimulates epidermal growth factor receptor expression","volume":"278","author":"Krug","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.31.1.445","article-title":"Intracranial aneurysm and hemorrhagic stroke in glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism","volume":"31","author":"Litchfield","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.31.1.451","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid blockade reduces vascular injury in stroke-prone hypertensive rats","volume":"31","author":"Rocha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001251","article-title":"Plasma aldosterone level within the normal range is less associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk in primary aldosteronism","volume":"35","author":"Murata","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.20.3.280","article-title":"Adrenal and circulating renin-angiotensin system in stroke-prone hypertensive rats","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s003950050168","article-title":"Defective suppression of the aldosterone biosynthesis during stroke permissive diet in the stroke-prone phenotype of the spontaneously hypertensive rat","volume":"95","author":"Enea","year":"2000","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.9.1821","article-title":"The role of blood pressure and aldosterone in the production of hemorrhagic stroke in captopril-treated hypertensive rats","volume":"28","author":"MacLeod","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(01)00432-5","article-title":"Pathophysiological effects of aldosterone in cardiovascular tissues","author":"Rocha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000259","article-title":"Chronic aldosterone administration causes Nox2-mediated increases in reactive oxygen species production and endothelial dysfunction in the cerebral circulation","volume":"32","author":"Chrissobolis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347840","article-title":"Vascular complications in patients with aldosterone producing adenoma in Japan: comparative study with essential hypertension. The Research Committee of Disorders of Adrenal Hormones in Japan","volume":"18","author":"Takeda","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4826","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2805","article-title":"Long-term cardio- and cerebrovascular events in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"98","author":"Mulatero","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10263","article-title":"Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Its Risk Factors in Primary Aldosteronism: A Multicenter Study in Japan","volume":"71","author":"Ohno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.08.007","article-title":"Risk of ischemic stroke in primary aldosteronism patients","volume":"438","author":"Kao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145047","article-title":"Cardiomyopathies and adrenal diseases","author":"Petramala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2116","article-title":"Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidities of hypokalemic and normokalemic primary aldosteronism: results of the German Conn's Registry","volume":"94","author":"Born-Frontsberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20070123","article-title":"Aldosterone and end-organ damage","volume":"113","author":"Marney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical science (London, England: 1979)"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01060","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications associated with primary aldosteronism: a controlled cross-sectional study","volume":"62","author":"Savard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.20.85","article-title":"Left ventricular hypertrophy is more prominent in patients with primary aldosteronism than in patients with other types of secondary hypertension","volume":"20","author":"Tanabe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2013.09.009","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension: assessment of cardiovascular risk at diagnosis and after treatment","volume":"24","author":"Turchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1291318","article-title":"Aldosterone and the heart: from basic research to clinical evidence","volume":"44","author":"Catena","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2005.08.011","article-title":"Cardiac consequences of aldosterone excess in human hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Rossi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14601","article-title":"Nadir aldosterone levels after confirmatory tests are correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy in primary aldosteronism","volume":"75","author":"Ohno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00630-0","article-title":"Cardiac remodeling\u2013concepts and clinical implications: a consensus paper from an international forum on cardiac remodeling","volume":"35","author":"Cohn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0030","article-title":"A lifetime of aldosterone excess: long-term consequences of altered regulation of aldosterone production for cardiovascular function","volume":"29","author":"Connell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.6.1849","article-title":"Pathological hypertrophy and cardiac interstitium. Fibrosis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system","volume":"83","author":"Weber","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02606-3","article-title":"Diurnal blood pressure pattern and cardiac damage in hypertensive patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"72","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.26.6.971","article-title":"Biological determinants of aldosterone-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats","volume":"26","author":"Robert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2004.03.002","article-title":"Aldosterone directly stimulates cardiac myocyte hypertrophy","volume":"10","author":"Okoshi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Card Fail."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.36.4.495","article-title":"Cardiac aldosterone production in genetically hypertensive rats","volume":"36","author":"Takeda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.12.049","article-title":"Modulating ALDH2 reveals a differential dependence on ROS for hypertrophy and SR Ca(2+) release in aldosterone-treated cardiac myocytes","volume":"536","author":"Montiel-Jaen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1484","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01000.2010","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade improves diastolic function independent of blood pressure reduction in a transgenic model of RAAS overexpression","volume":"300","author":"Habibi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320312446240","article-title":"Left ventricle remodeling in men with moderate to severe volume-dependent hypertension","volume":"13","author":"Indra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2165\/11593690-000000000-00000","article-title":"Left heart morphology and function in primary aldosteronism","volume":"19","author":"Milan","year":"2012","journal-title":"High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.114140","article-title":"Inappropriate left ventricular mass in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"52","author":"Muiesan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01316","article-title":"Long-term control of arterial hypertension and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy with treatment of primary aldosteronism","volume":"62","author":"Rossi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e013263","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013263","article-title":"Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism: A Propensity Score-Matching Follow-Up Study With Tissue Doppler Imaging","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5070","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0681","article-title":"Evidence for abnormal left ventricular structure and function in normotensive individuals with familial hyperaldosteronism type I","volume":"90","author":"Stowasser","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2016.127","article-title":"Comparison of left ventricular structure and function in primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension by echocardiography","volume":"40","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertens Res."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/08037051.2021.1904775","article-title":"Preclinical cardiac disease in women and men with primary aldosteronism","author":"Aune","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Press."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002527","article-title":"A speckle tracking echocardiographic study on right ventricular function in primary aldosteronism","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.136242","article-title":"Glucocorticoids activate cardiac mineralocorticoid receptors during experimental myocardial infarction","volume":"54","author":"Mihailidou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.20.2694","article-title":"Activation of cardiac aldosterone production in rat myocardial infarction: effect of angiotensin II receptor blockade and role in cardiac fibrosis","volume":"99","author":"Silvestre","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1544","article-title":"Direct and indirect effects of aldosterone on cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-6 expression in rat cardiac cells in culture and after myocardial infarction","volume":"145","author":"Rebsamen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R879","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00075.2014","article-title":"Cardiac macrophages and apoptosis after myocardial infarction: effects of central MR blockade","volume":"307","author":"Rafatian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.052","article-title":"Prevalence and Clinical Manifestations of Primary Aldosteronism Encountered in Primary Care Practice","volume":"69","author":"Monticone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e012410","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012410","article-title":"Incidental Congestive Heart Failure in Patients With Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-019-1001-4","article-title":"Arterial hypertension, aldosterone, atrial fibrillation","volume":"21","author":"Seccia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr266","article-title":"Aldosterone promotes atrial fibrillation","volume":"33","author":"Reil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1159\/000178483","article-title":"Spironolactone prevents aldosterone induced increased duration of atrial fibrillation in rat","volume":"29","author":"Lammers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.10.039","article-title":"Spironolactone suppresses aldosterone-induced Kv1.5 expression by attenuating mineralocorticoid receptor-Nox1\/2\/4-mediated ROS generation in neonatal rat atrial myocytes","volume":"520","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002250","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation as presenting sign of primary aldosteronism: results of the Prospective Appraisal on the Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism in Hypertensive (PAPPHY) Study","volume":"38","author":"Seccia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1141-5989","article-title":"Atrial Fibrillation in Primary Aldosteronism","volume":"52","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16909","article-title":"Time-Dependent Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism After Medical or Surgical Treatment Initiation","volume":"77","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30367-4","article-title":"Cardiometabolic outcomes and mortality in medically treated primary aldosteronism: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Hundemer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13608","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013608","article-title":"Aldosteronism with mild hypokalemia presenting as life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias: A case report","volume":"97","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C532","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00203.2012","article-title":"Aldosterone mediates its rapid effects in vascular endothelial cells through GPER activation","volume":"304","author":"Gros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-019-00395-8","article-title":"Angiotensin II induces apoptosis of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells via regulating PTP1B\/PI3K\/Akt pathway. In vitro cellular & developmental biology","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3281268532","article-title":"Increased intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery in primary aldosteronism in comparison with essential hypertension","volume":"25","author":"Holaj","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1159\/000345243","article-title":"Vascular actions of aldosterone","volume":"50","author":"Briet","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vasc Res."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-011-9156-6","volume":"12","author":"Mulatero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.12.003","article-title":"Adrenalectomy improves increased carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in patients with aldosterone producing adenoma","volume":"221","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000174490.23495.57","article-title":"Carotid intima-media thickness, plaques, and Framingham risk score as independent determinants of stroke risk","volume":"36","author":"Touboul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205214","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in primary aldosteronism","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1135","article-title":"Endothelial progenitor cells in primary aldosteronism: a biomarker of severity for aldosterone vasculopathy and prognosis","volume":"96","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00266-7","article-title":"Stroke epidemiology: a review of population-based studies of incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality in the late 20th century","volume":"2","author":"Feigin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0101","article-title":"Changes in extracellular matrix in subcutaneous small resistance arteries of patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"91","author":"Rizzoni","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-021-00485-3","article-title":"Evaluation of Intra-Renal Stiffness in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism","author":"Petramala","year":"2021","journal-title":"High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17436","article-title":"Renal injuries in primary aldosteronism: quantitative histopathological analysis of 19 patients with primary adosteronism","volume":"78","author":"Ogata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25049","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025049","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism and obstructive sleep apnea: A single-center cross-sectional study of the Japanese population","volume":"100","author":"Nakamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14434","article-title":"Association between plasma aldosterone and markers of tubular and glomerular damage in primary aldosteronism","volume":"94","author":"Nakamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000378","article-title":"Cross-sectional relations of serum aldosterone and urine sodium excretion to urinary albumin excretion in a community-based sample","volume":"69","author":"Fox","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2010.169","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal damage in primary aldosteronism: outcomes after treatment","volume":"23","author":"Sechi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.22.2638","article-title":"Long-term renal outcomes in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"295","author":"Sechi","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547356","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.547356","article-title":"Associations between metabolic profiles and target-organ damage in chinese individuals with primary aldosteronism","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0899","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and renal involvement in primary aldosteronism: opening of a new era","volume":"168","author":"Catena","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000230444.01215.6a","article-title":"Renal damage in primary aldosteronism: results of the PAPY study","volume":"48","author":"Rossi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0047","article-title":"Renal impairment is closely associated with plasma aldosterone concentration in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"181","author":"Kawashima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1851","article-title":"Risk factors associated with a low glomerular filtration rate in primary aldosteronism","volume":"94","author":"Reincke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002216","article-title":"Renal damage in primary aldosteronism: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Monticone","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02704-2","article-title":"Higher risk of chronic kidney disease and progressive kidney function impairment in primary aldosteronism than in essential hypertension. Case-control study","volume":"73","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Arg\u00fceso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320310391331","article-title":"Relative kidney hyperfiltration in primary aldosteronism: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Kuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2245","article-title":"Intrarenal hemodynamics in primary aldosteronism before and after treatment","volume":"94","author":"Sechi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001603","article-title":"Glomerular hyperfiltration predicts the development of microalbuminuria in stage 1 hypertension: the HARVEST","volume":"70","author":"Palatini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S169","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000032601.86590.F7","article-title":"Microalbuminuria, cardiovascular, and renal risk in primary hypertension","volume":"3","author":"Pontremoli","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0395","article-title":"Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ","volume":"89","author":"Kershaw","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.2174\/157016112799304969","article-title":"Aldosterone, mineralocorticoid receptor and the metabolic syndrome: role of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists","volume":"10","author":"Ronconi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02587.x","article-title":"Review article: adipocytokines and insulin resistance","volume":"2","author":"Vettor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2204","article-title":"Adipokines and cardiometabolic profile in primary hyperaldosteronism","volume":"95","author":"Iacobellis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-00651","article-title":"Inflammation and fibrosis in perirenal adipose tissue of patients with aldosterone-producing Adenoma","volume":"159","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.132.6.8504747","article-title":"Aldosterone stimulated differentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes","volume":"132","author":"Rondinone","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-13-0025","article-title":"Aldosterone directly affects apelin expression and secretion in adipocytes","volume":"51","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2018-00187","article-title":"Relationship between visceral fat and plasma aldosterone concentration in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"2","author":"Shibayama","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.02.007","article-title":"Genes implicated in insulin resistance are down-regulated in primary aldosteronism patients","volume":"355","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-003-0065-2","article-title":"The effect of aldosterone on glucose metabolism","volume":"5","author":"Corry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.003","article-title":"The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, glucose metabolism and diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Giacchetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4037","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0097","article-title":"Analysis of insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue of patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"95","author":"Urbanet","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.529","article-title":"Treatment with heme arginate alleviates adipose tissue inflammation and improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in a rat model of Human primary aldosteronism","volume":"53","author":"Jadhav","year":"2012","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2007.03.012","article-title":"Adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in primary aldosteronism","volume":"20","author":"Fallo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E101","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2274","article-title":"Leptin and adiponectin mRNA expression from the adipose tissue surrounding the adrenal neoplasia","volume":"100","author":"Letizia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2019-001153","article-title":"Association of visceral adiposity and clinical outcome among patients with aldosterone producing adenoma","author":"Er","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa177","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus itself increases cardio-cerebrovascular risk and renal complications in primary aldosteronism","author":"Saiki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.180521","article-title":"Plasma aldosterone levels and development of insulin resistance: prospective study in a general population","volume":"58","author":"Kumagai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14628","article-title":"Expression of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 in adrenal adenoma correlates with clinical characteristics of primary aldosteronism","volume":"96","author":"Ahn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clini Endocrinol."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00299","article-title":"Impaired glucose metabolism in primary aldosteronism is associated with cortisol cosecretion","volume":"104","author":"Gerards","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2423","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab099","article-title":"Autonomous cortisol secretion influences psychopathological symptoms in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"106","author":"Gendreitzig","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15328","article-title":"Presence of subclinical hypercortisolism in clinical aldosterone-producing adenomas predicts lower clinical success","volume":"76","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13922","article-title":"Primary Aldosteronism Decreases Insulin Secretion and Increases Insulin Clearance in Humans","volume":"75","author":"Adler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B174","first-page":"19","article-title":"Insulin insulin resistance","volume":"26","author":"Wilcox","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Clinical biochemist Reviews."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.093955","article-title":"Aldosterone suppresses insulin signaling via the downregulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"50","author":"Hitomi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-012-1452-2","article-title":"Excess aldosterone-induced changes in insulin signaling molecules and glucose oxidation in gastrocnemius muscle of adult male rat","volume":"372","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1018","article-title":"Aldosterone inhibits insulin-induced glucose uptake by degradation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 and IRS2 via a reactive oxygen species-mediated pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"150","author":"Wada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-013-1007-x","article-title":"Elevated prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with primary aldosteronism: a meta-analysis","volume":"183","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.179788","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea: the most common secondary cause of hypertension associated with resistant hypertension","volume":"58","author":"Pedrosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320310366581","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with sleep apnoea: prevalence of primary aldosteronism","volume":"11","author":"Di Murro","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13935","article-title":"Primary Aldosteronism and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Ethnic Study","volume":"74","author":"Wolf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8960","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism is highly prevalent in patients with hypertension and moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"17","author":"Dobrowolski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4061","article-title":"The Management of Primary Aldosteronism: Case Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"101","author":"Funder","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2021.05.052","article-title":"Screening for primary aldosteronism in the hypertensive obstructive sleep apnea population is cost-saving","volume":"171","author":"Chomsky-Higgins Menut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-1442","article-title":"Plasma aldosterone is related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea in subjects with resistant hypertension","volume":"131","author":"Pratt-Ubunama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2009.96","article-title":"Spironolactone reduces severity of obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with resistant hypertension: a preliminary report","volume":"24","author":"Gaddam","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens."},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2017.28","article-title":"Treatment of primary aldosteronism is associated with a reduction in the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"31","author":"Wolley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens."},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.01.006","article-title":"Targeted treatment of primary aldosteronism - The consensus of Taiwan Society of Aldosteronism","volume":"118","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc."},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.111369","article-title":"Vascular remodeling and duration of hypertension predict outcome of adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism patients","volume":"51","author":"Rossi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)."},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01442","article-title":"Quality of Life in Primary Aldosteronism: A Comparative Effectiveness Study of Adrenalectomy and Medical Treatment","volume":"103","author":"Velema","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2019.08.017","article-title":"Surgery decreases the long-term incident stroke risk in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"167","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surgery."},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10596","article-title":"Adrenalectomy lowers incident atrial fibrillation in primary aldosteronism patients at long term","volume":"71","author":"Rossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30135-3","article-title":"Outcomes after adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism: an international consensus on outcome measures and analysis of remission rates in an international cohort","volume":"5","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-021-01516-0","article-title":"Therapeutic outcomes with surgical and medical management of primary aldosteronism","volume":"23","author":"Wachtel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep."},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.197111","article-title":"Observational study mortality in treated primary aldosteronism: the German Conn's registry","volume":"60","author":"Reincke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.095448","article-title":"Long-term cardiac effects of adrenalectomy or mineralocorticoid antagonists in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"50","author":"Catena","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002679","article-title":"Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in primary aldosteronism after adrenalectomy: a meta-analysis of echocardiographic studies","volume":"39","author":"Cuspidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e013699","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013699","article-title":"Influence of Different Treatment Strategies on New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation Among Patients With Primary Aldosteronism: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort-Based Study","volume":"9","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14351","article-title":"Outcomes in unilateral primary aldosteronism after surgical or medical therapy","volume":"94","author":"Puar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol."},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.2003","article-title":"Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activity in Patients With Medically and Surgically Treated Primary Aldosteronism","volume":"3","author":"Hundemer","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2020.09.005","article-title":"Minimally invasive partial versus total adrenalectomy for unilateral primary hyperaldosteronism-a retrospective, multicenter matched-pair analysis using the new international consensus on outcome measures","volume":"169","author":"Billmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surgery."},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002070","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical outcomes after adrenalectomy and medical treatment in patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism","volume":"37","author":"Katabami","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11568","article-title":"Renal Outcomes in Medically and Surgically Treated Primary Aldosteronism","volume":"72","author":"Hundemer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979)"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ16-0530","article-title":"Outcomes analysis of surgical and medical treatments for patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"64","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrine J"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646933","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.646933","article-title":"New-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with primary aldosteronism receiving different treatment strategies: systematic review and pooled analysis of three studies","volume":"12","author":"Tsai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol."},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12831","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism: practical clinical perspectives","volume":"285","author":"Young","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Intern Med."},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004100878","article-title":"Relative glomerular hyperfiltration in primary aldosteronism","volume":"16","author":"Ribstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644260","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.644260","article-title":"Composite Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism Undergoing Medical Versus Surgical Treatment: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-018-1887-9","article-title":"Change in kidney function after unilateral adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism: identification of risk factors for decreased kidney function","volume":"50","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol."},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13844","article-title":"Assessment of postoperative renal function after adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"26","author":"Onohara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Urol."},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.5049\/EBP.2019.17.2.45","article-title":"Incidence of acute kidney injury after adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electrolyte Blood Press."},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa566","article-title":"Arterial stiffness is associated with clinical outcome and cardiorenal injury in lateralized primary aldosteronism","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2008.243","article-title":"Adrenalectomy improves arterial stiffness in primary aldosteronism","volume":"21","author":"Strauch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1763","article-title":"Improved quality of life, blood pressure, and biochemical status following laparoscopic adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism","volume":"95","author":"Sukor","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-121706","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and mental health in primary aldosteronism: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Velema","year":"2017","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res."},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.05.017","article-title":"Incidence and factors of post-adrenalectomy hyperkalemia in patients with aldosterone producing adenoma","volume":"424","author":"Chiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta."},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-016-0121-y","article-title":"Severe hyperkalemia following adrenalectomy for aldosteronoma: prediction, pathogenesis and approach to clinical management- a case series","volume":"16","author":"Tahir","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord."},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)91030-7","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerance of spironolactone in essential hypertension","volume":"60","author":"Jeunemaitre","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.09.057","article-title":"Primary Aldosteronism: JACC State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"74","author":"Rossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.76","article-title":"A comprehensive review of the clinical aspects of primary aldosteronism. Nature reviews","volume":"7","author":"Rossi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2021.2002844","article-title":"Differentiation between emerging non-steroidal and established steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: head-to-head comparisons of pharmacological and clinical characteristics","author":"Barrera-Chimal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs."},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.101368","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism: Treatment of the disease, and new therapeutic approaches","volume":"34","author":"Funder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2018.10.006","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism: present and future","volume":"109","author":"Funder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vitam Horm."},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.16966\/2380-548X.129","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for management of primary aldosteronism: what is new in the 2016 update?","author":"Romero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol Metab Disord"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000329","article-title":"Third-generation Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists: Why Do We Need a Fourth?","volume":"67","author":"Gomez-Sanchez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol."},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000147","article-title":"Nonsteroidal antagonists of the mineralocorticoid receptor","volume":"24","author":"Kolkhof","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens."},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2015.1059819","article-title":"Finerenone: third-generation mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist for the treatment of heart failure and diabetic kidney disease","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-019-0207-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of esaxerenone (CS-3150) for the treatment of essential hypertension: a phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study","volume":"33","author":"Ito","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.798364\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T05:17:23Z","timestamp":1643779043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.798364\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"references-count":228,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2021.798364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.798364","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"article-number":"798364"}}