{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:11:31Z","timestamp":1787166691312,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) has been used as a diagnostic tool for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, whether vessel supplied myocardial strain and strain rate (SR) predict the severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with CAD is unknown. This study aimed to investigate correlation of cardiac mechanical parameters in tissue speckle tracking measurements with coronary artery stenosis diagnosed by cardiac catheterization in patients with clinically diagnosed CAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 59 patients analyzed, 170 vessels were evaluated by coronary angiography and the corresponding echocardiography to quantify left ventricular myocardial strain and SR. The average longitudinal strain and SR of the segmental myocardium supplied by each coronary artery were calculated to achieve vessel myocardium strain (VMS) and strain rate (VMSR). The VMS and VMSR at each of four severity levels of stenosis showed significant differences among groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.016, and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively). The strain and SR in vessels with very severe stenosis (\u226575%, group IV;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 29), 13.9 \u00b1 4.3, and 0.9 \u00b1 0.3, respectively, were significantly smaller than those of vessels with mild stenosis \u2264 25%, group I;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 88, 16.9 \u00b1 4.9,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.023, and 1.2 \u00b1 0.3,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001, respectively. The SR in vessels with moderate stenosis (26\u201349%, group II;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 37), 1.0 \u00b1 0.2, was significantly smaller than that in vessels with mild stenosis vessels (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.021). The lower VMS and VMSR, the higher possibility of severe coronary stenosis is. The VMS and VMSR lower than 13.9 \u00b1 4.3 and 0.9 \u00b1 0.3, respectively predicted the severe coronary stenosis. The VMS and VMSR higher than 16.9 \u00b1 4.9 and 1.2 \u00b1 0.3, respectively predicted mild or no coronary artery stenosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The actual stenosis rate in catheterization demonstrates that this technique was able to assess coronary artery condition. Thus, the application of a non-invasive method of 2D-STE to evaluate and simplify diagnosis of CAD is feasible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.832096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:26:33Z","timestamp":1643847993000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Segmental Tissue Speckle Tracking Predicts the Stenosis Severity in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Srisakul","family":"Chaichuum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo-Ju","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Daimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Chen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Lin","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chu-Ying","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiang-Ho","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Li","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000950","article-title":"American Heart Association Council on epidemiology and prevention statistics committee and stroke statistics subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2021 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"143","author":"Virani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"RamjattanNA\n            LalaV\n            KousaO\n            MakaryusAN\n          StatPearlsStatPearls PublishingCoronary CT Angiography.2021"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0000000000000028","article-title":"Echocardiographic evaluation of coronary artery disease","volume":"24","author":"Chatzizisis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr002","article-title":"Myocardial ischaemia and viability: the pivotal role of echocardiography","volume":"32","author":"Nihoyannopoulos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.09.012","article-title":"Ultra-high frame rate tissue Doppler imaging","volume":"40","author":"Brekke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.891936","article-title":"The removal of wall components in Doppler ultrasound signals by using the empirical mode decomposition algorithm","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-015-0593-2","article-title":"Left ventricular global longitudinal systolic strain predicts adverse remodeling and subsequent cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"31","author":"Lacalzada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X12666160712095938","article-title":"Incremental value of two dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in the functional assessment and characterization of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Gunasekaran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rev."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/00001573-200209000-00002","article-title":"Strain and strain rate echocardiography","volume":"17","author":"Pislaru","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol."},{"key":"B10","first-page":"197","article-title":"Potential pitfalls of strain rate imaging: angle dependency","volume":"36","author":"Castro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biomed Sci Instrum."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02934-0","article-title":"Identification of acutely ischemic myocardium using ultrasonic strain measurements A clinical study in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty","volume":"41","author":"Kukulski","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-305403","article-title":"Myocardial ischaemia and post-systolic shortening","volume":"101","author":"Asanuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.10.052","article-title":"Characteristics and impact of obesity on the outpatient echocardiography laboratory","volume":"97","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328364fb58","article-title":"Left-ventricular hypertrophy and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of echocardiographic studies","volume":"32","author":"Cuspidi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014609","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014609","article-title":"Echocardiographic imaging challenges in obesity: guideline recommendations and limitations of adjusting to body size","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"28","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.01.011","article-title":"Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"29","author":"Nagueh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp498","article-title":"Tissue Doppler E\/E\u2032 ratio is a powerful predictor of primary cardiac events in a hypertensive population: an ASCOT substudy","volume":"31","author":"Andrew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64261","DOI":"10.5772\/64261","article-title":"Speckle-tracking imaging, principles and clinical applications: a review for clinical cardiologists, echocardiography in heart failure and cardiac electrophysiology","volume":"2016","author":"Fabiani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Umashankar Lakshmanadoss."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-012-9543-x","article-title":"Automatic classification of left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities in echocardiography images using nonrigid image registration","volume":"26","author":"Shalbaf","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.24.3019","article-title":"ACC\/AHA guidelines for percutaneous coronary intervention (revision of the 1993 PTCA guidelines)-executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (Committee to revise the 1993 guidelines for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) endorsed by the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions","volume":"103","author":"Smith SC","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.05.027","article-title":"Coronary calcium score and cardiovascular risk","volume":"72","author":"Greenland","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.07.062","article-title":"From detecting the vulnerable plaque to managing the vulnerable patient: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"74","author":"Arbab-Zadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2004.02.011","article-title":"Global longitudinal strain: a novel index of left ventricular systolic function","volume":"17","author":"Reisner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.13446","article-title":"Reproducibility and experience dependence of echocardiographic indices of left ventricular function: side-by-side comparison of global longitudinal strain and ejection fraction","volume":"34","author":"Medvedofsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Echocardiography."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008148","article-title":"Can coronary computed tomography angiography replace invasive angiography? Coronary computed tomography angiography cannot replace invasive angiography","volume":"131","author":"Stefanini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EBP.0000540750.43715.aa","article-title":"What is the accuracy of thallium stress tests for detecting coronary artery disease in persons with chest pain?","volume":"17","author":"Mehlenbacher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid Based Pract."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2015.08.006","article-title":"Noninvasive stress testing for coronary artery disease","volume":"12","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02164-2","article-title":"ACC\/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: summary article. A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1997 Exercise Testing Guidelines)","volume":"40","author":"Gibbons","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.03.002","article-title":"Detection of obstructive coronary artery disease using peak systolic global longitudinal strain derived by two-dimensional speckle-tracking: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Liou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jey004","article-title":"Association between layer-specific global longitudinal strain and adverse outcomes following acute coronary syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Skaarup","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-019-01652-3","article-title":"Usefulness of layer-specific strain in diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with stable angina pectoris","volume":"35","author":"Hagemann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H792","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00025.2002","article-title":"Myocardial function defined by strain rate and strain during alterations in inotropic states and heart rate","volume":"283","author":"Weidemann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0102.101396","article-title":"Doppler-derived myocardial systolic strain rate is a strong index of left ventricular contractility","volume":"105","author":"Greenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1067\/mje.2001.110786","article-title":"Real-time strain rate echocardiographic imaging: temporal and spatial analysis of postsystolic compression in acutely ischemic myocardium","volume":"14","author":"Belohlavek","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B36","unstructured":"DondiM\n            PaezD\n            RaggiP\n            ShawLJ\n            VannanM\n          International Atomic Energy AgencyIntegrated Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Imaging: A Guide for the Practitioner.2021"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1053\/euje.2000.0031","article-title":"Regional strain and strain rate measurements by cardiac ultrasound: principles, implementation, and limitations","volume":"1","author":"D'hooge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeu184","article-title":"Definition for a common standard for 2D speckle tracking echocardiography: consensus document of the EACVI\/ASE\/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging","volume":"16","author":"Voigt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.11.063","article-title":"Measurement of strain and strain rate by echocardiography: ready for prime time?","volume":"47","author":"Marwick","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.832096\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:26:38Z","timestamp":1643847998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.832096\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2021.832096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.832096","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"article-number":"832096"}}