{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T22:45:09Z","timestamp":1782600309081,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a relatively rare congenital anomaly in the general population. It plays an important role in initiating and maintaining atrial fibrillation (AF) in some patients. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is the major treatment for patients with AF and PLSVC in most publications. Here, we reported a case of thoracoscopic ablation for a patient with atrial fibrillation and persistent left superior vena cava. After preprocedural simulation using virtual reality, we successfully completed box-lesion, ablation line from superior vena cava to inferior vena cava, left atrial appendage (LAA) excision, and PLSVC ablation. It provides a new perspective on surgical treatment for patients with AF and PLSVC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1096973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T05:55:13Z","timestamp":1674021313000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case report: Thoracoscopic ablation for a patient with atrial fibrillation and persistent left superior vena cava"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Haozhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peijian","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-019-01114-9","article-title":"Left superior vena cava: cross-sectional imaging overview","volume":"125","author":"Batouty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.08.005","article-title":"Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with persistent left superior vena cava is associated with major intraprocedural complications","volume":"7","author":"Wissner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euz254","article-title":"Impact of persistent left superior vena cava on radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Europace."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC201703070","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation","author":"Zimetbaum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.011","article-title":"Navigating the mini-maze: systematic review of the first results and progress of minimally-invasive surgery in the treatment of atrial fibrillation","volume":"166","author":"Krul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2225-319X.2013.12.10","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of simultaneous hybrid thoracoscopic and endocardial catheter ablation of lone atrial fibrillation","volume":"3","author":"Pison","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Cardiothorac Surg."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezu536","article-title":"A systematic review of minimally invasive surgical treatment for atrial fibrillation: a comparison of the Cox-Maze procedure, beating-heart epicardial ablation, and the hybrid procedure on safety and efficacy","volume":"48","author":"Je","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.07.013","article-title":"Beating-heart totally endoscopic tricuspid valvuloplasty in reoperative cardiac surgery","volume":"107","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67420-9_10","volume-title":"Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava.","author":"Kochav","year":"2018"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.05.079","article-title":"Prevalence of persistent superior vena cava and association with congenital heart anomalies","volume":"112","author":"Perles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1159\/000174030","article-title":"ten Cate F, Fioretti P, Roelandt J, Serruys PW. An elusive persistent left superior vena cava draining into left atrium","volume":"73","author":"Soward","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cardiology."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2021.100837","article-title":"Tricuspid atresia with persistent left superior vena cava and pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"47","author":"Robledo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Report Curr Probl Cardiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.07.009","article-title":"2017 HRS\/EHRA\/ECAS\/APHRS\/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: executive summary","volume":"14","author":"Calkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3000605221119655","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605221119655","article-title":"Case report of double superior vena cava and double odd vein with hypoplastic left brachiocephalic vein","volume":"50","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Int Med Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1096973\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T05:55:17Z","timestamp":1674021317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1096973\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1096973"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1096973","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"article-number":"1096973"}}