{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:42:20Z","timestamp":1787510540624,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We explored the association between preoperative anthropometry and biochemistry, and postoperative outcomes in infants with CHD after cardiac surgery, as infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) often have feeding difficulties and malnutrition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective review of infants (\u2264 1-year-old) who underwent congenital heart surgery. Preoperative anthropometryin terms of preoperative weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), length-for-age z-score (LAZ), as well as preoperative serum albumin and hemoglobin concentrations, were evaluated against 6-month mortality, and morbidity outcomes including postoperative complications, vasoactive inotrope score, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit and in hospital, using the logistic regression or median regression models accounting for infant-level clustering.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred and ninety-nine operations were performed in 167 infants. Mean gestational age at birth was 38.0 (SD 2.2) weeks (range 26 to 41 weeks). Thirty (18.0%) infants were born preterm (&amp;lt;37 weeks). The commonest acyanotic and cyanotic lesions were ventricular septal defect (26.3%, 44\/167), and tetralogy of Fallot (13.8%, 23\/167), respectively. Mean age at cardiac surgery was 94 (SD 95) days. Feeding difficulties, including increased work of breathing during feeding, diaphoresis, choking or coughing during feeding, and inability to complete feeds, was present in 54.3% (108\/199) of infants prior to surgery, of which 21.6% (43\/199) required tube feeding. The mean preoperative WAZ was\u22121.31 (SD 1.79). Logistic regression models showed that low preoperative WAZ was associated with increased risk of postoperative complications (odds ratio 1.82;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02), and 6-month mortality (odds ratio 2.38;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.008) following CHD surgery. There was no meaningful association between the other preoperative variables and other outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than 50% of infants with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery within the first year of life have feeding difficulties, of which 22% require to be tube-fed. Low preoperative WAZ is associated with increased postoperative complications and 6-month mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.812680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T01:40:40Z","timestamp":1648777240000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Associations Between Preoperative Anthropometry and Postoperative Outcomes in Infants Undergoing Congenital Heart Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jia Yi Joel","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui Wen Bryan","family":"Wee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihir","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yee Phong","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li Nien Michelle","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swee Chye","family":"Quek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion M.","family":"Aw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching Kit","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01886-7","article-title":"The incidence of congenital heart disease","volume":"39","author":"Hoffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.112.300853","article-title":"Genetics of congenital heart disease: the glass half empty","volume":"112","author":"Fahed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-012-0320-x","article-title":"Normal interstage growth after the norwood operation associated with interstage home monitoring","volume":"33","author":"Hehir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2006.03.010","article-title":"Energy metabolism in infants with congenital heart disease","volume":"22","author":"Nydegger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutrition."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.81.1.49","article-title":"Malnutrition and growth failure in cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease with and without pulmonary hypertension","volume":"81","author":"Varan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.209","article-title":"Evaluation of nutritional status and support in children with congenital heart disease","volume":"70","author":"Blasquez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1548602","article-title":"Nutrition of neonates with congenital heart disease: existing evidence, conflicts and concerns","volume":"33","author":"Tsintoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Matern Neonatal Med."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"S133","article-title":"Nutritional status of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease: pre- and post cardiac surgery","volume":"94","author":"Ratanachu-Ek","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.11.1340","article-title":"Davis a M, Wilkinson JL, Weintraub RG. 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