{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:49:43Z","timestamp":1753890583101,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is a condition with normal coronary angiography but angina pectoris. Chronic inflammation caused by <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>) infection may play a pathogenic role in CSX. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection and risk of CSX.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic search in the Web of Science, Medline, Embase and Chinese databases (CNKI and Wanfang) was conducted up to October 2021. Articles on the association between <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection and the risk of CSX were included and were analyzed by R software (version 4.1.0).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten case-control studies involving 703 CSX patients and 731 healthy controls were included. <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was associated with an increased risk of CSX (OR: 8.29, 95% CI: 4.64\u201314.82). We also found a significant association in those 25\u201340 years of age (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.04\u20131.72), those 40\u201350 years of age (OR: 11.27, 95% CI: 4.29\u201329.61), those over 50 years of age (OR: 7.18, 95% CI: 3.59\u201314.36), those in developing countries [Iran (OR: 12.99, 95% CI: 8.61\u201319.60) and China (OR: 5.14, 95% CI: 3.09\u20138.56)]. However, this association was not apparent in a developed country [Italy (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.37\u20132.33)].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study suggested a possible association between <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection and the risk of CSX. Its pathogenicity is stronger in middle-aged individuals and some developing countries. However, more studies are needed to further investigate whether early eradication of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> can reduce the incidence rate of CSX, especially in middle-aged individuals and some developing countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.823885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T13:56:57Z","timestamp":1657893417000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Helicobacter pylori Infection Maybe a Risk Factor for Cardiac Syndrome 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