{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T17:15:24Z","timestamp":1780938924526,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prediction of the number of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) based on the weather conditions in the individual climate zones is not effective. We sought to investigate whether an artificial intelligence system might be useful in this prediction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 2008 and 2018, a total of 105,934 patients with ACS were hospitalized in Lesser Poland Province, one covered by two meteorological stations. The predicted daily number of ACS has been estimated with the Random Forest machine learning system based on air temperature (\u00b0C), air pressure (hPa), dew point temperature (Td) (\u00b0C), relative humidity (RH) (%), wind speed (m\/s), and precipitation (mm) and their daily extremes and ranges derived from the day of ACS and from 6 days before ACS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 840 pairwise comparisons between individual weather parameters and the number of ACS, 128 (15.2%) were significant but weak with the correlation coefficients ranged from \u22120.16 to 0.16. None of weather parameters correlated with the number of ACS in all the seasons and stations. The number of ACS was higher in warm front days vs. days without any front [40 (29\u201350) vs. 38 (27\u201348), respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05]. The correlation between the predicted and observed daily number of ACS derived from machine learning was 0.82 with 95% CI of 0.80\u20130.84 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). The greatest importance for machine learning (range 0\u20131.0) among the parameters reached Td daily range with 1.00, pressure daily range with 0.875, pressure maximum daily range with 0.864, and RH maximum daily range with 0.853, whereas among the clinical parameters reached hypertension daily range with 1.00 and diabetes mellitus daily range with 0.28. For individual seasons and meteorological stations, the correlations between the predicted and observed number of ACS have ranged for spring from 0.73 to 0.77 (95% CI 0.68\u20130.82), for summer from 0.72 to 0.76 (95% CI 0.66\u20130.81), for autumn from 0.72 to 0.83 (95% CI 0.67\u20130.87), and for winter from 0.76 to 0.79 (95% CI 0.71\u20130.83) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001 for each).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The weather parameters have proven useful in predicting the prevalence of ACS in a temperate climate zone for all the seasons, if analyzed with an artificial intelligence system. Simultaneously, the analysis of individual weather parameters or frontal scenarios has provided only weak univariate relationships. These findings will require validation in other climatic zones.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.830823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T05:17:26Z","timestamp":1649395046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Machine Learning Analyzed Weather Conditions as an Effective Means in the Predicting of Acute Coronary Syndrome Prevalence"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Wlodarczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Molek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Bochenek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Wypych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jadwiga","family":"Nessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaroslaw","family":"Zalewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm192607011950102","article-title":"Acute coronary occlusion","volume":"195","author":"Wolff","year":"1926","journal-title":"The Boston Med Surg J."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-9-5","article-title":"Spatial variability of climate effects on ischemic heart disease hospitalization rates for the period 1989\u20132006 in Quebec","volume":"9","author":"Bayentin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Canada Int J Health Geogr."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.3466","article-title":"Association of weather with day-to-day incidence of myocardial infarction: a swedeheart nationwide observational study","volume":"3","author":"Mohammad","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.07.050","article-title":"Relation of total and cardiovascular death rates to climate system, temperature, barometric pressure, and respiratory infection","volume":"116","author":"Schwartz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-021-02202-0","article-title":"Heat strain and mortality effects of prolonged central European heat wave\u2014an example of June 2019 in Poland","volume":"66","author":"B\u0142a\u017cejczyk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2019.02.015","article-title":"The effects of acute atmospheric pressure changes on the occurrence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a case-crossover study","volume":"35","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol."},{"key":"B7","first-page":"66","article-title":"Association between low temperature during winter season and hospitalizations for ischemic heart diseases in New York state","volume":"78","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Environ Health"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.028514","article-title":"Project. 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