{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T07:46:05Z","timestamp":1781768765505,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with infertility and heart disease (HD) are increasingly seeking assisted reproductive technology (ART). There is only one other study that examines the safety profile of ART in this population. This study aims to evaluate the cardiac, reproductive, and obstetric outcomes of ART in women with HD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective case-control study of women with underlying congenital or acquired HD who underwent ART at a single University fertility center from 1\/2010\u20133\/2019. Women undergoing <jats:italic>in-vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (IVF), oocyte cryopreservation (OC) or embryo banking (EB) with HD were included. Cases were matched 3:1 with age-, cycle type- and cycle start date- matched controls without HD. Outcomes included cardiovascular (CV), reproductive, and obstetric complications during or following ART.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty women with HD were included. 15 (75%) had congenital HD, 1 (5%) had valvular disease, 1 (5%) had acquired cardiomyopathy, and 3 (15%) had arrhythmias. 90% were New York Heart Association class I. 55% of HD cases were modified WHO (mWHO) risk classification 1-2, 40% were mWHO 2-3 or 3, 5% were mWHO 4. Cases underwent 25 IVF, 5 OC, and 5 EB cycles and were compared with 79 controls who underwent 174 cycles. No CV complications or deaths occurred amongst cases following ART or pregnancy. There was no difference in risk of ART or obstetric outcomes amongst cases versus controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>For women with HD in this small, low -risk cohort, ART posed few risks that were similar in frequency to healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.842556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T05:37:10Z","timestamp":1649655430000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcomes in Women With Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mary M.","family":"Quien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Hausvater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine R.","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs270","article-title":"Outcome of pregnancy in patients with structural or ischaemic heart disease: results of a registry of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"34","author":"Roos-Hesselink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e022755","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022755","article-title":"Experiences of women with cardiac disease in pregnancy: a systematic review and metasynthesis","volume":"8","author":"Dawson","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s40119-017-0096-4","article-title":"Heart disease and pregnancy","volume":"6","author":"Ashrafi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiol Ther."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy340","article-title":"2018 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy: the Task Force for the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases during Pregnancy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"39","author":"Regitz-Zagrosek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487316673143","article-title":"Pregnancy and cardiovascular risk: a review focused on women with heart disease undergoing fertility treatment","volume":"23","author":"Rossberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol."},{"key":"B6","year":"2018","journal-title":"2016 Assisted Reproductive Technology National Summary Report"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56568-6","article-title":"Complications of assisted reproductive techniques","volume":"61","author":"Schenker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8632","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e8632","article-title":"Incidence of pulmonary and venous thromboembolism in pregnancies after in vitro fertilisation: cross sectional study","volume":"346","author":"Henriksson","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.01.033","article-title":"Acute cardiovascular changes in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"248","author":"Fujitake","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/14647270410001699081","article-title":"A review of complications following transvaginal oocyte retrieval for in-vitro fertilization","volume":"7","author":"El-Shawarby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Fertil."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.07.977","article-title":"Pregnancy complications in women with heart disease conceiving with fertility therapy","volume":"64","author":"Dayan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.085","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular risk in women prescribed fertility therapy","volume":"62","author":"Udell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"The Management of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.09.007","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technology and the risk of pregnancy-related complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes in singleton pregnancies: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"105","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.02.002","article-title":"Appraisal of clinical complications after 23,827 oocyte retrievals in a large assisted reproductive technology program","volume":"109","author":"Levi-Setti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3001.093437","article-title":"Prospective multicenter study of pregnancy outcomes in women with heart disease","volume":"104","author":"Siu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq200","article-title":"Predictors of pregnancy complications in women with congenital heart disease","volume":"31","author":"Drenthen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2018.10.15","article-title":"Improving medical care and prevention in adults with congenital heart disease-reflections on a global problem-part I: development of congenital cardiology, epidemiology, clinical aspects, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia","volume":"8","author":"Neidenbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12463","article-title":"Improving the quality of transition and transfer of care in young adults with congenital heart disease","volume":"12","author":"Everitt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91796","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091796","article-title":"Is a GnRH antagonist protocol better in PCOS patients? A meta-analysis of RCTs","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.02.007","article-title":"Managing subfertility in patients with heart disease: what are the choices?","volume":"187","author":"Cauldwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Heart J."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt022","article-title":"Management of pain associated with the insertion of intrauterine contraceptives","volume":"19","author":"Gemzell-Danielsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03362-9","article-title":"Transcervical intrauterine topical local anesthetic at hysterosalpingography: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"78","author":"Costello","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B24","first-page":"156","article-title":"A history of developments to improve in vitro fertilization","volume":"114","author":"Eskew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E391","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.160744","article-title":"Failure of fertility therapy and subsequent adverse cardiovascular events","volume":"189","author":"Udell","year":"2017","journal-title":"CMAJ."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.842556\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T05:37:13Z","timestamp":1649655433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.842556\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2022.842556"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.842556","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"article-number":"842556"}}