{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T10:07:12Z","timestamp":1755598032639,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-I2M-3-024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-I2M-3-024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies have found atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with valvular heart disease (VHD). However, whether there is a causal relationship between these two diseases or it is just a result of bias caused by confounding factors is uncertain. This study aims to examine the potential causal association between AF and VHD by using Mendelian randomization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to examine the causal relationship between AF and VHD, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization study by collecting exposure and outcome data from genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets. We utilized data from FinnGen project (FinnGen, 11,258 cases for VHD including rheumatic fever, 3,108 cases for non-rheumatic VHD, and 75,137 cases for participants) and European Bio-informatics Institute database (EBI, 55,114 cases for AF and 482,295 cases for participants). Inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median approaches were performed to estimate the causal effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that AF increased the risk of VHD by all three MR methods [For VHD including rheumatic fever: IVW, odds ratio (OR) = 1.255; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.191~1.322; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 1.23 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u221217<\/jats:sup>; Weighted median, OR = 1.305, 95% CI, 1.216~1.400, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 1.57 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u221213<\/jats:sup>; MR-Egger, OR = 1.250, 95% CI, 1.137~1.375, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 1.69 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>; For non-rheumatic VHD: IVW, OR = 1.267; 95% CI, 1.169~1.372; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 6.73 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup>; Weighted median, OR = 1.400; 95% CI, 1.232~1.591; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 2.40 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>; MR-Egger, OR = 1.308; 95% CI, 1.131~1.513; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 5.34 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>]. After the one outlier SNP was removed by heterogeneity test, the results remained the same. No horizontal pleiotropic effects were observed between AF and VHD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study provides strong evidence of a causal relationship between AF and VHD. Early intervention for AF patients may reduce the risk of developing into VHD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.845734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T01:08:02Z","timestamp":1648602482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genetically Predicted Atrial Fibrillation and Valvular Heart Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization 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