{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:49:08Z","timestamp":1753890548679,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whether left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) bears a different prognosis than dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is still a matter of debate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From a multicenter French prospective registry, we compared the outcomes of 98 patients with LVNC and 65 with DCM. The primary endpoint combined cardiovascular death, heart transplantation, and hospitalization for cardiovascular events. The two groups presented similar outcomes but different left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) (43.3% in LVNC vs. 35.95% in DCM, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). For this reason, a subgroup analysis was performed comparing only patients with LVEF <jats:bold>\u2264<\/jats:bold> 45%, including 56 with LVNC and 49 with DCM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among patients with LVEF<jats:bold>\u2264<\/jats:bold> 45%, at 5-year follow-up, the primary endpoint occurred in 33 (58.9%) among 56 patients with LVNC and 18 (36.7%) among 49 patients with DCM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). Hospitalization for heart failure (18 [32.14%] vs. 5 [10.20%], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.035) and heart transplantation were more frequent in the LVNC than in the DCM group. The incidences of rhythmic complications (24 [42.85%] vs. 12 [24.48%], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.17), embolic events, and cardiovascular death were similar between LVNC and DCM cases. Among the 42 patients with LVNC and LVEF &amp;gt; 45%, the primary endpoints occurred in only 4 (9.52%) patients, including 2 hospitalizations for heart failure and 3 rhythmic complications, but no embolic events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this prospective cohort, patients with LVNC who have left ventricular dysfunction present a poorer prognosis than DCM patients. Heart failure events were especially more frequent, but embolic events were not. Patients with LVNC and preserved ejection fraction present very few events in 5 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.856160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T04:49:47Z","timestamp":1651466987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prognosis of Adults With Isolated Left Ventricular Non-Compaction: Results of a Prospective Multicentric Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hilla","family":"Gerard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Iline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Martel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erwan","family":"Donal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Eicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Huttin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Selton-Suty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Raud-Raynier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Jondeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Mansencal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Sawka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavie","family":"Ader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Pruny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Claire","family":"Casalta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Donghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Faivre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roch","family":"Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Charron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm342","article-title":"Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the european society of cardiology working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases","volume":"29","author":"Elliott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.86.6.666","article-title":"Echocardiographic and pathoanatomical characteristics of isolated left ventricular non-compaction: a step towards classification as a distinct cardiomyopathy","volume":"86","author":"Jenni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Heart Br Card Soc."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.08.845","article-title":"Refinement of echocardiographic criteria for left ventricular noncompaction","volume":"165","author":"St\u00f6llberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp595","article-title":"Measurement of trabeculated left ventricular mass using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction","volume":"31","author":"Jacquier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2010.01.002","article-title":"Assessment of left ventricular non-compaction in adults: Side-by-side comparison of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with echocardiography","volume":"103","author":"Thuny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq225","article-title":"on behalf of the Working Groups \u2018Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies' and \u2018Echocardiography' of the French Society of Cardiology. Isolated left ventricular non-compaction in adults: clinical and echocardiographic features in 105 patients Results from a French registry","volume":"13","author":"Habib","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4065\/72.1.26","article-title":"Isolated noncompaction of the myocardium in adults","volume":"72","author":"Ritter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00755-5","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of 34 adults with isolated left ventricular noncompaction: a distinct cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis","volume":"36","author":"Oechslin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.05.096","article-title":"Left ventricular noncompaction: a distinct genetic cardiomyopathy?","volume":"68","author":"Arbustini","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.08.030","article-title":"Left ventricular noncompaction","volume":"64","author":"Arbustini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jez178","article-title":"Multimodality imaging in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of patients with dilated cardiomyopathies: an expert consensus document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"20","author":"Donal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.13484","article-title":"Targeted panel sequencing in adult patients with left ventricular non-compaction reveals a large genetic heterogeneity","volume":"95","author":"Richard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Genet."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.01.007","article-title":"Phenotype\/genotype relationship in left ventricular noncompaction: ion channel gene mutations are associated with preserved left ventricular systolic function and biventricular noncompaction: phenotype\/genotype of noncompaction","volume":"27","author":"Cambon-Viala","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.03.045","article-title":"Left ventricular non-compaction: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"46","author":"Petersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv727","article-title":"Proposal for a revised definition of dilated cardiomyopathy, hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy, and its implications for clinical practice: a position statement of the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases","volume":"37","author":"Pinto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000100664.10777.B8","article-title":"Clinical characterization of left ventricular noncompaction in children: a relatively common form of cardiomyopathy","volume":"108","author":"Pignatelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2007.00560.x","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of left ventricular noncompaction in a community hospital cohort of patients with systolic dysfunction","volume":"25","author":"Sandhu","year":"2008"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2006.08.002","article-title":"Clinical features of isolated ventricular noncompaction in adults long-term clinical course, echocardiographic properties, and predictors of left ventricular failure","volume":"12","author":"Aras","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Card Fail."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009712","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.119.009712","article-title":"Prognostic significance of left ventricular noncompaction: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"13","author":"Aung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2017.11.015","article-title":"Long-term Follow-up of Symptomatic Adult Patients With Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy","volume":"72","author":"Salazar-Mendiguch\u00eda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol Engl Ed."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e015563","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015563","article-title":"Long-term survival of patients with left ventricular noncompaction","volume":"10","author":"Vaidya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3449","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx545","article-title":"Clinical genetics and outcome of left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy","volume":"38","author":"Sedaghat-Hamedani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B23","first-page":"550","article-title":"Multiple left ventricular thrombi in a patient with left ventricular noncompaction","volume":"39","author":"Cevik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.063","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of isolated left ventricular noncompaction","volume":"63","author":"Muser","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2014.07.007","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in patients with isolated left ventricular noncompaction and heart failure","volume":"20","author":"Peters","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Card Fail."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.05.039","article-title":"Frequency of stroke and embolism in left ventricular hypertrabeculation\/noncompaction","volume":"108","author":"St\u00f6llberger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2008.01015.x","article-title":"Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in patients with left ventricular noncompaction","volume":"31","author":"Kobza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.01.014","article-title":"St Clair M, Hundley WG, Thohan V Comparison of Systolic and Diastolic Criteria for Isolated LV Noncompaction in CMR","volume":"6","author":"Stacey","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.06.016","article-title":"Clinical risk prediction in patients with left ventricular myocardial noncompaction","volume":"78","author":"Casas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.004","article-title":"Left ventricular mechanics and cardiovascular outcomes in non-compaction phenotype","volume":"336","author":"Anwer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.856160\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T04:49:51Z","timestamp":1651466991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.856160\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2022.856160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.856160","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2297-055X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"article-number":"856160"}}