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Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated age-related differences for peak oxygen uptake (peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) improvement with exercise training during cardiac rehabilitation (CR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study of the Mayo Clinic Rochester CR program including adult patients who attended CR (\u22651 session) for any eligible indication between 1999 and 2017 and who had a cardiopulmonary exercise test pre and post CR with VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> data (peak respiratory exchange ratio \u22651.0). Younger (20\u201349 yrs), midlife (50\u201364 yrs), and older adults (\u226565 yrs) were compared using ANOVA for delta and percent change in peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; and percentage of peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> responders (&amp;gt;0% change).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>708 patients (age: 60.8 \u00b1 12.1 years; 24% female) met inclusion criteria. Delta and percent change in peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was lower for older adults (1.6 \u00b1 3.2 mL.kg.min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; 12 \u00b1 27%) compared with younger (3.7 \u00b1 4.0 mL.kg.min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001; 23 \u00b1 28%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) and midlife adults (2.8 \u00b1 3.8 mL.kg.min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001; 17 \u00b1 28%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.04). For midlife, delta change, but not percent change in peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was significantly lower (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02) compared with younger. Percentage of responders was only different between older and younger (72 vs. 86%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.008). Sensitivity analyses in non-surgical patients showed similar differences for delta change, and differences in percent change remained significant between older and younger adults (10 \u00b1 20% vs. 16 \u00b1 18%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In CR patients, older adults had lower improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness than younger and midlife adults. While excluding surgical patients reduced age-related differences, older adults still had lower cardiorespiratory fitness improvement during CR. These findings may have implications for individualizing CR programming in aging populations to reduce future cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.872757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T09:31:41Z","timestamp":1649928701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Age-Related Differences for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Improvement in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jenna L.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose R.","family":"Medina-Inojosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audry","family":"Chacin-Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray W.","family":"Squires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randal J.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce D.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda R.","family":"Bonikowske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.180945","article-title":"Core components of cardiac rehabilitation\/secondary prevention programs: 2007 update","volume":"115","author":"Balady Gary","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487320913379","article-title":"Secondary prevention through comprehensive cardiovascular rehabilitation: from knowledge to implementation","volume":"28","author":"Ambrosetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2016.03.003","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation in older adults","volume":"32","author":"Schopfer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000537","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation is associated with improved physical function in frail older adults with cardiovascular disease","volume":"40","author":"Lutz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5551","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.179432","article-title":"Exercise protects the cardiovascular system: effects beyond traditional risk factors","volume":"587","author":"Joyner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2019.01.002","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease - 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