{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:32:32Z","timestamp":1787311952541,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n The literature data on the outcomes of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) in women are contradictory.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n To determine and compare the outcomes and complications of cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (cryo-PVI) in men vs. women, and to identify predictors of atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We included all consecutive patients having undergone cryo-PVI for the treatment of symptomatic AF in our center since 2012. Peri-operative complications were documented. All patients were prospectively monitored for the recurrence of ATa, and predictors were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 733 patients were included (550 men (75%) and 183 (25%) women). Paroxysmal AF was recorded in 112 (61%) female patients and 252 male patients (46%;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.001). Female patients were older (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.001) and had a greater symptom burden (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04). Female patients were more likely to experience complications (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02). After cryo-PVI for paroxysmal AF, 66% of the female patients and 79% of the male patients were free of ATa at 24 months (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001). Female sex was the only independent predictive factor for ATa recurrence (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.87 [1.28; 2.73];\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001). After cryo-PVI for non-paroxysmal AF, 37% of the male patients and 39% of the female patients were free of ATa at 36 months (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.73). Female patients were less likely than male patients to undergo repeat ablation after an index cryo-PVI for non-paroxysmal AF (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.019).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n A single cryo-PVI procedure for paroxysmal AF was significantly less successful in female patients than in male patients. Overall, the complication rate was higher in women than in men.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.893553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T02:02:15Z","timestamp":1652839335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Sex Differences in the Outcomes of Cryoablation for Atrial 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