{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T21:48:40Z","timestamp":1755035320878,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Arrhythmias are frequently associated with COVID-19 and could be the result of inflammation or hypoxia. This study aimed to define the incidence of arrhythmias in patients with COVID-19 and to correlate arrhythmias with pulmonary damage assessed by computed tomography (CT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All consecutive patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis hospitalized at Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium, between March 2020 and May 2020, were screened. All included patients underwent a thorax CT scan and a CT severity score, a semiquantitative scoring system of pulmonary damage, was calculated. The primary endpoint was the arrhythmia occurrence during follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, 100 patients were prospectively included. At a mean follow-up of 19.6 months, 25 patients with COVID-19 (25%) experienced 26 arrhythmic episodes, including atrial fibrillation in 17 patients, inappropriate sinus tachycardia in 7 patients, atrial flutter in 1 patient, and third-degree atrioventricular block in 1 patient. No ventricular arrhythmias were documented. Patients with COVID-19 with arrhythmias showed more often need for oxygen, higher oxygen maximum flow, longer QTc at admission, and worse damage at CT severity score. In univariate logistic regression analysis, significant predictors of the primary endpoint were: the need for oxygen therapy (odds ratio [<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>] 4.59, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 1.44\u201314.67, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) and CT severity score of pulmonary damage (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> per 1 point increase 1.25, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic> 1.11\u20131.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a consecutive cohort of patients with COVID-19 the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias was 25%. The need for oxygen therapy and CT severity score were predictors of arrhythmia occurrence during follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.908177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T05:27:05Z","timestamp":1655875625000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Incidence and Predictors of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Patients With COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sahar","family":"Mouram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Pannone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Gauthey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Sorgente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Bisignani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Monaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joerelle","family":"Mojica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maysam","family":"Al Housari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Miraglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvise","family":"Del Monte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Paparella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robbert","family":"Ramak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Overeinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gezim","family":"Bala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Almorad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erwin","family":"Str\u00f6ker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Sieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Brugada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"La Meir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gian Battista","family":"Chierchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"de Asmundis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009413","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.120.009413","article-title":"ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction During COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From a Regional Public Service Healthcare Hub","volume":"13","author":"Gramegna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01550-0","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and mortality in patients with COVID-19","volume":"49","author":"Rossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1581-6881","article-title":"COVID-19 and Cardiac Arrhythmias","volume":"41","author":"Duckheim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hamostaseologie."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e60361","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.60361","article-title":"Early postmortem mapping of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in patients with COVID-19 and the correlation with tissue damage","volume":"10","author":"Deinhardt-Emmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.1898291","article-title":"Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"10","author":"To","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2020.08.002","article-title":"Arrhythmias and COVID-19: a Review","volume":"6","author":"Dherange","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009683","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009683","article-title":"Inpatient and outpatient infection as a trigger of cardiovascular disease: the ARIC study","volume":"7","author":"Cowan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17797","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.17797","article-title":"COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias: a review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Akkawi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25232","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025232","article-title":"Correlation of autopsy pathological findings and imaging features from 9 fatal cases of COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"100","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045894020910685","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894020910685","article-title":"Atrial arrhythmias in chronic lung disease-associated pulmonary hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Vahdatpour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pulm Circ."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.06.016","article-title":"COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"17","author":"Bhatla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hear Rhythm."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009458","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.120.009458","article-title":"Worldwide Survey of COVID-19-Associated Arrhythmias","volume":"14","author":"Coromilas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-020-00789-9","article-title":"COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias: a global perspective on arrhythmia characteristics and management strategies","volume":"59","author":"Gopinathannair","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6808","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07033-y","article-title":"Chest CT score in COVID-19 patients: correlation with disease severity and short-term prognosis","volume":"30","author":"Francone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200370","article-title":"Time Course of Lung Changes at Chest CT during Recovery from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"295","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.05.001","article-title":"Recognizing COVID-19-related myocarditis: The possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management","volume":"17","author":"Siripanthong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa945","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"42","author":"Hindricks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart J"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab116.114","article-title":"Inappropriate sinus tachycardia in post-covid-19 Syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Arano Llach","year":"","journal-title":"EP Europace"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.180200","article-title":"Recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: Part I: The electrocardiogram and its technology: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society, Vol. 115","volume":"4","author":"Kligfield","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12804","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12804","article-title":"QT. correction using Bazett's formula remains preferable in long QT syndrome type 1 and 2","volume":"26","author":"Dahlberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280216680383","article-title":"The choice of methods in determining the optimal cut-off value for quantitative diagnostic test evaluation","volume":"27","author":"Hajian-Tilaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h3868","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h3868","article-title":"How to develop a more accurate risk prediction model when there are few events","volume":"351","author":"Pavlou","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"journal-title":"Survival: A Package for Survival Analysis in R. R Package version 238","year":"2021","author":"Therneau","key":"B24"},{"key":"B25","article-title":"Package \u201csurvminer\u201d","author":"Kassambara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drawing Survival Curves Using \u2018ggplot2' (R package version 03 1) R package version 043"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13987","article-title":"Low prevalence of arrhythmias in clinically stable COVID-19 patients","volume":"43","author":"Sala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2010419","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in New York City","volume":"382","author":"Goyal","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2020.05.015","article-title":"Atrial Arrhythmias in COVID-19 Patients","volume":"6","author":"Colon","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa307","article-title":"Transient complete heart block in a patient with critical COVID-19","volume":"41","author":"Azarkish","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e008627","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.120.008627","article-title":"Cardiac Arrest Risk During Acute Infections: Systemic Inflammation Directly Prolongs QTc Interval via Cytokine-Mediated Effects on Potassium Channel Expression","volume":"13","author":"Lazzerini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-021-01033-8","article-title":"QTc interval prolongation, inflammation, and mortality in patients with COVID-19","volume":"63","author":"Gulletta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047293","article-title":"Capecchi PL. COVID-19, arrhythmic risk, and inflammation: mind the Gap!","volume":"142","author":"Lazzerini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2013.01.001","article-title":"Coronary artery disease and ventricular tachyarrhythmia: Pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"13","author":"Kolettis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.908177\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T05:27:08Z","timestamp":1655875628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.908177\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2022.908177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.908177","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2297-055X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"article-number":"908177"}}