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Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The efficacy of combined resistance training (RT) and aerobic training (AT) compared with AT alone is well established in cardiac rehabilitation (CR); however, it remains to be elucidated whether RT load (high load [HL] vs. low load [LL]) modifies the outcomes. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of HL-RT and LL-RT combined with AT in comparison to AT alone on body composition and physical performance in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) enrolled in phase II CR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We randomized 79 patients with a stable CAD to 12 weeks of lower limb LL-RT + AT (35\u201340% of one repetition maximum [1-RM]; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 28), HL-RT + AT (70\u201380% of 1-RM; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 26), or AT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 25). Fifty-nine patients (75% men) with mean (standard deviation) age 61 (8) years and left ventricular ejection fraction 53 (9)% completed LL-RT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 19), HL-RT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 21) and AT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 19). Body composition and physical performance (upper and lower submaximal muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and mobility) were measured at baseline and post-training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Training intervention had no significant impact on time \u00d7 group interaction in the body composition measures. There was a significant time \u00d7 group interaction for the gait speed test, chair sit-and-reach test, arm curl test, Stork balance test, up and go test, STS-5, and 6-min walk distance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-values \u2264 0.001\u20130.04) following the training intervention. After the training intervention, HL-RT improved gait speed (+12%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.044), arm curl (+13%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.037), and time of Up and Go test (+9%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) to a greater extent compared with AT group, while there was a greater improvement in time of Up and Go test (+18%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and time of five sit-to-stand tests (+14%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.016) following LL-RT when compared with AT. There were no differences between HL-RT and LL-RT in post-training improvement in any of the physical performance measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combination of AT with HL-RT or LL-RT promoted similar improvements in physical performance, which were superior to AT. Therefore, both types of combined AT and RT can be applied to patients with CAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>[<jats:ext-link>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04638764<\/jats:ext-link>] Identifier [NCT04638764].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.909385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T05:07:02Z","timestamp":1661317622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Combined resistance training with aerobic training improves physical performance in patients with coronary artery disease: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tim","family":"Kambic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nejc","family":"\u0160arabon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitja","family":"Lainscak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vedran","family":"Had\u017ei\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487320913379","article-title":"Secondary prevention through comprehensive cardiovascular rehabilitation: from knowledge to implementation. 2020 update. 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