{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T03:00:58Z","timestamp":1788836458118,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>A role for microRNAs is implicated in several biological and pathological processes. We investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on molecular markers of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen male Wistar rats (260 \u00b1 10 g; aged 8 weeks) with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (55 mg\/kg, IP) were randomly allocated to three groups: control, MICT, and HIIT. The two different training protocols were performed 5 days each week for 5 weeks. Cardiac performance (end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, ejection fraction), the expression of miR-206, HSP60, and markers of apoptosis (cleaved PARP and cytochrome C) were determined at the end of the exercise interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both exercise interventions (HIIT and MICT) decreased blood glucose levels and improved cardiac performance, with greater changes in the HIIT group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001, \u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>: 0.909). While the expressions of miR-206 and apoptotic markers decreased in both training protocols (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001, \u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>: 0.967), HIIT caused greater reductions in apoptotic markers and produced a 20% greater reduction in miR-206 compared with the MICT protocol (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). Furthermore, both training protocols enhanced the expression of HSP60 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001, \u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>: 0.976), with a nearly 50% greater increase in the HIIT group compared with MICT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results indicate that both exercise protocols, HIIT and MICT, have the potential to reduce diabetic cardiomyopathy by modifying the expression of miR-206 and its downstream targets of apoptosis. It seems however that HIIT is even more effective than MICT to modulate these molecular markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.927956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T05:27:55Z","timestamp":1656480475000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cardiac Function by miR-206 Dependent HSP60 Induction in Diabetic Rats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Delfan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raheleh","family":"Amadeh Juybari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sattar","family":"Gorgani-Firuzjaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"H\u00f8iriis Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Delfan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Laher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayoub","family":"Saeidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"Granacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassane","family":"Zouhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2009.10.007","article-title":"Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030","volume":"87","author":"Shaw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311586","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy: an update of mechanisms contributing to this clinical entity","volume":"122","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2828(03)00229-3","article-title":"Hsp10 and Hsp60 modulate Bcl-2 family and mitochondria apoptosis signaling induced by doxorubicin in cardiac muscle cells","volume":"35","author":"Shan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2010.07.004","article-title":"High levels of glucose induce apoptosis in cardiomyocyte via epigenetic regulation of the insulin-like growth factor receptor","volume":"316","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-013-1207-7","article-title":"MicroRNA-34a regulates high glucose-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes","volume":"33","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Huazhong Univer Sci Technol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.07.027","article-title":"miR-1\/miR-206 regulate Hsp60 expression contributing to glucose-mediated apoptosis in cardiomyocytes","volume":"584","author":"Shan","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H557","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00711.2013","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers of aerobic exercise capacity","volume":"306","author":"Mooren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circul Physiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr017","article-title":"Exercise training in heart failure: from theory to practice. 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