{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T15:19:52Z","timestamp":1778167192413,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81600276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81600276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) patients have comorbid coronary atherosclerosis. It was lack of prognostic data for CAE patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and for whom with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the overall prognosis for CAE patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was a retrospective cohort study. Fifty-one patients with CAE and comorbid AMI (CAE + AMI) and 108 patients with CAE and comorbid CHD (CAE + CHD) were enrolled and matched to non-CAE subjects at a ratio of 1:3 using a propensity score method, respectively. Controls for CAE + AMI group were 153 AMI patients, controls for CAE group were 324 CHD patients and 329 participants with relatively normal coronary arteries (CON). We followed them up to observe major cardiovascular events (MACE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the prognosis in CAE + AMI group was worse than in AMI group (5-year non-MACE rate: 62.70% vs. 79.70%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.010), the prognosis in CAE group was worse than in CHD and CON groups (5-year non-MACE rate: 74.10% vs. 85.80% and 96.70%, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.000). The main MACEs in CAE + AMI and CAE groups were AMI reoccurrence (19.61% vs. 4.57%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) and re-hospitalization due to repeated angina pectoris (14.81% vs. 8.33% and 2.74%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.000), respectively. Additionally, the COX regression analysis revealed that the protective factors for preventing MACE in CAE + AMI group included antiplatelet agents (hazard ratio = 0.234, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.016) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor\/angiotensin receptor inhibitor (ACEI\/ARB, hazard ratio = 0.317, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.037). Whereas the main factor promoting MACE in CAE group was the degree of coronary stenosis (Gensini score, hazard ratio = 1.011, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.022).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prognosis of patients with CAE + AMI was worse than that of those with AMI. The overall prognosis of patients with CAE was worse than that of those with CHD. CAE + AMI and CAE groups had different characteristics; the former was prone to AMI reoccurrence, and the latter was prone to repeated angina pectoris. To prevent MACE, medications, including antiplatelets and ACEI\/ARBs, are indicated for patients with CAE + AMI, whereas prevention of the progression of atherosclerotic lesions is indicated for patients with CAE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.950291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T08:02:39Z","timestamp":1665475359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Five-years\u2019 prognostic analysis for coronary artery ectasia patients with coronary atherosclerosis: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siwen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiqiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-019-1979-x","article-title":"Recurrent acute coronary syndrome in a patient with right coronary artery ectasia: a case report.","volume":"13","author":"Damay","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0000000000000379","article-title":"Coronary artery ectasia: new insights into pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.","volume":"27","author":"Eitan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.805727","article-title":"Treatment and outcome of patients with coronary artery ectasia: current evidence and novel opportunities for an old dilemma.","volume":"8","author":"Esposito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01604-z","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of rosuvastatin treatment on coronary artery ectasia patients of different age groups.","volume":"20","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e368","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001030","article-title":"2021 AHA\/ACC\/ASE\/CHEST\/SAEM\/SCCT\/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.","volume":"144","author":"Gulati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/cardiovascmed.25018","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome is associated with higher wall motion score and larger infarct size after acute myocardial infarction.","volume":"4","author":"Hajsadeghi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res Cardiovasc Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.21470\/1678-9741-2020-0618","article-title":"Slow flow phenomenon impairs the prognosis of coronary artery ectasia as well as coronary atherosclerosis.","volume":"36","author":"Kaplan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz J Cardiovasc Surg."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2012.725798","article-title":"Analysis of systemic endothelin-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in normal-tension glaucoma.","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.774597","article-title":"Is coronary artery ectasia a progressive disease? 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