{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T08:23:30Z","timestamp":1772526210024,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) are longer than 200 nucleotides and cannot encode proteins but can regulate the expression of genes through epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional modifications. The pathophysiology of smooth muscle cells can lead to many vascular diseases, and studies have shown that lncRNAs can regulate the phenotypic conversion of smooth muscle cells so that smooth muscle cells proliferate, migrate, and undergo apoptosis, thereby affecting the development and prognosis of vascular diseases. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of lncRNA as a signal, bait, stent, guide, and other functions to regulate the phenotypic conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells, and summarizes the role of lncRNAs in regulating vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis, hypertension, aortic dissection, vascular restenosis, and aneurysms, providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.959955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T06:29:31Z","timestamp":1661495371000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Long non-coding RNAs: Modulators of phenotypic transformation in vascular smooth muscle cells"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Bing-Han","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Bing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Xun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Xu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Gang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo-An","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-8-r75","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of long non-coding RNAs and novel transcribed regions across a diverse panel of archived human cancers","volume":"13","author":"Brunner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2013.134","article-title":"Getting to the heart of the matter: long non-coding RNAs in cardiac development and disease","volume":"32","author":"Scheuermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-824X-6-21","article-title":"Previously differentiated medial vascular smooth muscle cells contribute to neointima formation following vascular injury","volume":"6","author":"Herring","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vasc Cell."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.28.20130130","article-title":"Mechanisms simultaneously regulate smooth muscle proliferation and differentiation","volume":"28","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biomed Res"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.302521","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"116","author":"Uchida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvx249","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs: key regulators of smooth muscle cell fate in vascular disease","volume":"114","author":"Leeper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0227-9","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Basatemur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06891-x","article-title":"Disease-relevant transcriptional signatures identified in individual smooth muscle cells from healthy mouse vessels","volume":"9","author":"Dobnikar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3013","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270033","article-title":"Origin and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"593","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy022","article-title":"Smooth muscle cell fate and plasticity in atherosclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Allahverdian","year":"","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2011.08.018","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.33167","article-title":"Long Noncoding RNAs in Atherosclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Jian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2013.08.027","article-title":"The imprinted H19 lncRNA antagonizes let-7 microRNAs","volume":"52","author":"Kallen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbv031","article-title":"Revealing protein-lncRNA interaction","volume":"17","author":"Ferre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1713","article-title":"miR-CLIP capture of a miRNA targetome uncovers a lincRNA H19-miR-106a interaction","volume":"11","author":"Imig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.112.146704","article-title":"Long noncoding RNAs: past, present, and future","volume":"193","author":"Kung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genetics."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000336","article-title":"Role of non-coding RNA in vascular remodelling","volume":"27","author":"Deng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-1936-9","article-title":"The short and long of noncoding sequences in the control of vascular cell phenotypes","volume":"72","author":"Miano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S124252","article-title":"Plaque-hyaluronidase-responsive high-density-lipoprotein-mimetic nanoparticles for multistage intimal-macrophage-targeted drug delivery and enhanced anti-atherosclerotic therapy","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.021019","article-title":"Smooth Muscle Enriched Long Non-coding RNA (SMILR) regulates cell proliferation","volume":"133","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1161\/res.115.suppl_1.32","article-title":"LincRNA-p21 regulates neointima formation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, apoptosis, and atherosclerosis by enhancing p53 activity","volume":"130","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-020-10074-9","article-title":"p53-dependent LincRNA-p21 protects against proliferation and anti-apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis by upregulating SIRT7 via microRNA-17-5p","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Transl Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2645-3","article-title":"LncRNA ANRIL acts as a modular scaffold of WDR5 and HDAC3 complexes and promotes alteration of the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.08.009","article-title":"LncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 hinders the proliferation and facilitates apoptosis of ox-LDL-induced vascular smooth muscle cells via the ceRNA network of CDKN2B-AS1\/miR-126-5p\/PTPN7","volume":"340","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2019.10887","article-title":"Downregulation of long non-coding RNA ANRIL promotes proliferation and migration in hypoxic human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.09.007","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA ZNF800 suppresses proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells by upregulating PTEN and inhibiting AKT\/mTOR\/HIF-1\u03b1 signaling","volume":"312","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052023","article-title":"Long non-coding rna controls advanced atherosclerotic lesion formation and plaque destabilization","volume":"144","author":"Fasolo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02048-9","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA MIAT regulates ox-LDL-induced cell proliferation, migration and invasion by miR-641\/STIM1 axis in human vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"21","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4663","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2019.10137","article-title":"lncRNA 430945 promotes the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via the ROR2\/RhoA signaling pathway in atherosclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02314-1","article-title":"LncRNA BANCR induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by downregulating miR-34c methylation in atherosclerosis","volume":"51","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10874","article-title":"lncRNA RP11-531A243 inhibits the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by downregulating ANXA2 expression","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3120","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15544","article-title":"Serum response factor-cofactor interactions and their implications in disease","volume":"288","author":"Onuh","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.29.20140151","article-title":"Myocardin in biology and disease","volume":"29","author":"Miano","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biomed Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055949","article-title":"Is an Evolutionarily Conserved Smooth Muscle Cell-Specific LncRNA That Maintains Contractile Phenotype by Binding Myocardin","volume":"144","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2020.08.013","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA PEBP1P2 Suppresses Proliferative VSMCs Phenotypic Switching and Proliferation in Atherosclerosis","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucleic Acids."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01655","article-title":"Targeting non-coding RNA in vascular biology and disease","volume":"9","author":"Hung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7645","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.915681","article-title":"Expression of long non-coding RNA LIPCAR promotes cell proliferation, cell migration, and change in phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.351707","article-title":"The imprinted H19 non-coding RNA is a primary microRNA precursor","volume":"13","author":"Cai","year":"2007","journal-title":"RNA."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11394","article-title":"Downregulation of lncRNA H19 alleviates atherosclerosis through inducing the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000959","article-title":"Knockdown of H19 Attenuates Ox-LDL-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating miR-599\/PAPPA axis","volume":"77","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-018-0418-4","article-title":"H19 knockdown suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis by regulating miR-148b\/WNT\/\u03b2-catenin in ox-LDL -stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.01.011","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA H19-derived miR-675 aggravates restenosis by targeting PTEN","volume":"497","author":"Lv","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20202298","article-title":"LncRNA H19 regulates smooth muscle cell functions and participates in the development of aortic dissection through sponging miR-193b-3p","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosci Rep."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2020.6451","article-title":"LncRNA AC105942","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7439","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201811_16284","article-title":"LncRNA TUG1 promotes proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell and atherosclerosis through regulating miRNA-21\/PTEN axis","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci."},{"key":"B46","first-page":"3302","article-title":"LncRNA FOXC2-AS1 regulated proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell through targeting miR-1253\/FOXF1 axis in atherosclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-020-00306-2","article-title":"LncRNA HCG11 regulates proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell through targeting miR-144-3p\/FOXF1 axis in atherosclerosis","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Res."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2020.4624","article-title":"CTBP1-AS2 inhibits proliferation and induces autophagy in ox-LDL-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells by regulating miR-195-5p\/ATG14","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000835","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA XIST\/miR-17\/PTEN axis modulates the proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells to affect stanford Type A aortic dissection","volume":"76","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-020-00200-3","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA CASC2 inhibits ox-LDL-mediated vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration via the regulation of miR-532-3p\/PAPD5","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Med."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1018-x","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA CASC2 suppresses pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and phenotypic switch in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension","volume":"20","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"B52","first-page":"3600","article-title":"LncRNA MEG3-derived miR-361-5p regulate vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and apoptosis by targeting ABCA1","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.01.074","article-title":"LncRNA MEG8 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis by targeting PPAR\u03b1","volume":"510","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697273","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.697273","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA MEG8 suppresses hypoxia-induced excessive proliferation, migration and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells by regulation of the miR-195-5p\/RECK axis","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci."},{"key":"B55","first-page":"9025","article-title":"LncRNA MALAT1 regulates proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting miRNA-124-3p\/PPAR\u03b1 axis","volume":"23","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2020.4821","article-title":"lncRNA-SNHG7-003 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting the miR-1306-5p\/SIRT7 signaling pathway","volume":"47","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27070","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs C2dat1 enhances vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by targeting MiR-34a-5p","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-0267-2","article-title":"Silencing of lncRNA SNHG12 inhibits proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via targeting miR-766-5p\/EIF5A axis","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11365","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA SNHG12 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via regulating miR-199a-5p\/HIF-1\u03b1","volume":"44","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14670","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28728","article-title":"LncRNA LEF1-AS1 regulates the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting miR-544a\/PTEN axis","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-021-10010-4","article-title":"LINC01123 promotes cell proliferation and migration via regulating miR-1277-5p\/KLF5 axis in ox-LDL-induced vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"52","author":"Weng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mol Histol."},{"key":"B62","first-page":"1835","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA LINC00341 promotes the vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration via miR-214\/FOXO4 feedback loop","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14381","article-title":"LncRNA-ES3 inhibition by Bhlhe40 is involved in high glucose-induced calcification\/senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"1474","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11352","article-title":"LincRNA-EPS increases TGF-\u03b2 expression to inhibit the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway, VSMC osteoblastic differentiation and vascular calcification in diabetic mice","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12859","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202012_24188","article-title":"LncRNA UCA1 stimulates the repair of hyperglycemic vascular smooth muscle cells through targeting miR-582-5p","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-018-2219-8","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA UCA1 promotes the proliferation of hypoxic human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells","volume":"471","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-020-00366-2","article-title":"LncRNA HCG18 is critical for vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and phenotypic switching","volume":"33","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Cell."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15233","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28789","article-title":"lncRNA GAS5 acts as a ceRNA for miR-21 in suppressing PDGF-bb-induced proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"120","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.05.022","article-title":"LncRNA GAS5 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via p53 pathway","volume":"1865","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20182229","article-title":"LncRNA MRAK048635_P1 is critical for vascular smooth muscle cell function and phenotypic switching in essential hypertension","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosci Rep."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09651","article-title":"AK098656 a novel vascular smooth muscle cell-dominant long non-coding RNA, promotes hypertension","volume":"71","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9665","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense ribonucleic acid 1 is associated with in-stent restenosis and promotes human carotid artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by sponging miR-143-3p","volume":"21","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28284","article-title":"LncRNA CRNDE regulates the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2020.1743915","article-title":"LncRNA CRNDE affects the proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells in abdominal aortic aneurysms by regulating the expression of Smad3 by Bcl-3","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Cycle."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E8660","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803725115","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA (nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1) is critical for phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"115","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12389","article-title":"NEAT1 silencing alleviates pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation under hypoxia through regulation of miR-34a-5p\/KLF4","author":"Dou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy250","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA Hoxaas3 contributes to hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation","volume":"115","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4801","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26279","article-title":"LncRNA-TCONS_00034812 in cell proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and its mechanism","volume":"233","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14644","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA Rps4l mediates the proliferation of hypoxic pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells","volume":"76","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001606","article-title":"Overexpressed lncRNA AC068039.4 contributes to proliferation and cell cycle progression of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via sponging miR-26a-5p\/TRPC6 in hypoxic pulmonary arterial hypertension.","volume":"55","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307879","article-title":"MYOSLID Is a Novel Serum Response Factor-Dependent Long Noncoding RNA That Amplifies the Vascular Smooth Muscle Differentiation Program","volume":"36","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e018062","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.018062","article-title":"LINC01278 Sponges miR-500b-5p to regulate the expression of ACTG2 to control phenotypic switching in human vascular smooth muscle cells during aortic dissection","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-020-00452-5","article-title":"Downregulating long non-coding RNA PVT1 expression inhibited the viability, migration and phenotypic switch of PDGF-BB-treated human aortic smooth muscle cells via targeting miR-27b-3p","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Cell."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12583","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.2010384","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA PVT1\/microRNA miR-3127-5p\/NCK-associated protein 1-like axis participates in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm by regulating vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11270","article-title":"LUCAT1 contributes to MYRF-dependent smooth muscle cell apoptosis and may facilitate aneurysm formation via the sequestration of miR-199a-5p","volume":"44","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.478","article-title":"Based on bioinformatics analysis lncrna SNHG5 modulates the function of vascular smooth muscle cells through mir-205-5p\/SMAD4 in abdominal aortic aneurysm","volume":"9","author":"Nie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.172935","article-title":"LINC00473 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell viability to promote aneurysm formation via miR-212-5p\/BASP1 axis","volume":"873","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4299","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202392","article-title":"Overexpression of long noncoding RNA ANRIL inhibits phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells to prevent atherosclerotic plaque development","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9911982","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9911982","article-title":"LncRNA-XIST Promotes Proliferation and Migration in ox-LDL Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells through miR-539-5p\/SPP1 Axis","volume":"2022","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2016-0110","article-title":"Potential regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA in diabetes and its complications","volume":"95","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H613","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00220.2020","article-title":"Metabolism of vascular smooth muscle cells in vascular diseases","volume":"319","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-014-0431-2","article-title":"Angiotensin II and vascular injury","volume":"16","author":"Montezano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.311229","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle remodeling in conductive and resistance arteries in hypertension","volume":"38","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv317","article-title":"2015 ESC\/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: the joint task force for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): Endorsed by: association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT)","author":"Galie","year":"","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2012.02.005","article-title":"Opportunities in abdominal aortic aneurysm research: epidemiology, genetics, and pathophysiology","volume":"26","author":"Kuivaniemi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000214999.12921.4f","article-title":"Inflammation and cellular immune responses in abdominal aortic aneurysms","volume":"26","author":"Shimizu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.959955\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T06:29:36Z","timestamp":1661495376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.959955\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2022.959955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.959955","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"article-number":"959955"}}