{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T12:37:42Z","timestamp":1780576662519,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cholesterol crystal (CC) embolism can cause acute tissue infarction and ischemic necrosis via triggering diffuse thrombotic angiopathy occluding arterioles and arteries. Neutrophils contribute to crystal-induced immunothrombosis as well as to ischemic necrosis-related necroinflammation. We speculated that CC embolism-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) would be circadian rhythm-dependent and associated with cyclic differences in neutrophil function. Injection of CC into the left kidney induced thrombotic angiopathy progressing starting as early as 3 h after CC injection followed by a progressive ischemic cortical necrosis and AKI at 24 h. In C57BL\/6J mice, circulating CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Ly6G<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>neutrophils were higher during the day phase [Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0\u201312] compared to the dark phase (ZT12-24). In the time frame of thrombus formation at ZT13, more neutrophils were recruited into the injured kidney 24 h later compared to CC embolism at ZT5. This effect was associated with an increased circulating number of CXCR2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>neutrophils as well as an upregulated kidney adhesion molecule and chemokine expression. These findings were associated with a significant increase in kidney necrosis, and endothelial injury at ZT13. Thus, the time of day has an effect also on CC embolism-related AKI in association with the circadian rhythm of neutrophil recruitment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.974759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T08:14:05Z","timestamp":1658996045000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Neutrophil circadian rhythm is associated with different outcomes of acute kidney injury due to cholesterol crystal 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