{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:24:15Z","timestamp":1790771055000,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brugada syndrome (BrS) is associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. However, the presence of electrical strom (ES) and its management still debated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present the outcome and management of 44 BrS patients suffering from ES.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature review and pooled analysis Through database review including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Libary and Cinahl studies were analyzed. Evidence from 7 reports of 808 BrS patients was identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age of patients suffering from ES was 34 \u00b1 9.5 months (94.7% males, 65.8% spontaneous BrS type I). Using electrophysiological study ventricular tachycardia\/ventricular fibrillation were inducible in 12\/23 (52.2%). Recurrence of ES was documented in 6.1%. Death from ES was 8.2% after a follow-up of 83.5 \u00b1 53.4. In up to 27 ES resolved without treatment. External shock was required in 35.6%, internal ICD shock in 13.3%, Overdrive pacing, left cardiac sympathetic block and atropin in 2.2%. Short-term antiarrhythmic management was as the following: Isopreterenol or Isopreterenol in combination with quinidine 35.5%, orciprenaline in 2.2%, quinidine 2.2%, disopyramide 2.2% or denopamide 2.2%. However, lidocaine, magensium sulfate, mexiletine and propanolol failed to control ES.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although ES is rare in BrS, this entity challenges physicians. Despite its high mortality rate, spontaneous termination is possible. Short-term management using Isoproterenol and\/or quinidine might be safe. Prospective studies on management of ES are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.981715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T01:13:55Z","timestamp":1666660435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Incidence, recurrence and management of electrical storm in Brugada syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"El-Battrawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gretje","family":"Roterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Kowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assem","family":"Aweimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siegfried","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"M\u00fcgge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Akin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-201X.2005.01496.x","article-title":"Novel Brugada syndrome-causing mutation in ion-conducting pore of cardiac Na+ channel does not affect ion selectivity properties","volume":"185","author":"Amin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2002.00816.x","article-title":"Spontaneous T wave alternans and premature ventricular contractions during febrile illness in a patient with Brugada syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Morita","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12723","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12723","article-title":"Arrhythmic events in Brugada syndrome patients induced by fever","volume":"25","author":"Roterberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00261","article-title":"Studying brugada syndrome with an SCN1B variants in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes","volume":"7","author":"El-Battrawy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.05.073","article-title":"Long-term trends in newly diagnosed brugada syndrome: implications for risk stratification","volume":"68","author":"Casado-Arroyo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e005053","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.117.005053","article-title":"Electrical substrate elimination in 135 consecutive patients with brugada syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Pappone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv316","article-title":"2015 ESC guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: the task force for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the European society of cardiology (ESC)","volume":"36","author":"Priori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017885","article-title":"Programmed ventricular stimulation for risk stratification in the brugada syndrome: a pooled analysis","volume":"133","author":"Sroubek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac262","article-title":"2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death","author":"Zeppenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000104568.13957.4F","article-title":"Determinants of sudden cardiac death in individuals with the electrocardiographic pattern of Brugada syndrome and no previous cardiac arrest","volume":"108","author":"Brugada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e024410","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.024410","article-title":"Brugada syndrome: different experimental models and the role of human cardiomyocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euz122","article-title":"A cellular model of Brugada syndrome with SCN10A variants using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes","volume":"21","author":"El-Battrawy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Europace."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.001806","article-title":"Electrical storm in patients with brugada syndrome is associated with early repolarization","volume":"7","author":"Kaneko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.082","article-title":"Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in children and adolescents with brugada syndrome","volume":"71","author":"Gonzalez Corcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.08.029","article-title":"Patients with brugada syndrome and implanted cardioverter-defibrillators: long-term follow-up","volume":"70","author":"Hernandez-Ojeda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2007.02.014","article-title":"Acute and chronic management in patients with Brugada syndrome associated with electrical storm of ventricular fibrillation","volume":"4","author":"Ohgo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001941","article-title":"Outcome after implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator in patients with Brugada syndrome: a multicenter study-part 2","volume":"128","author":"Sacher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.03.136","article-title":"Regional prevalence and clinical benefit of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in Brugada syndrome","volume":"144","author":"Schukro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1590\/s0104-11692007000300023","article-title":"The PICO strategy for the research question construction and evidence search","volume":"15","author":"da Costa Santos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Lat Am Enfermagem."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"62","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joa.2016.07.002","article-title":"J-Wave syndromes expert consensus conference report: emerging concepts and gaps in knowledge","volume":"32","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Arrhythm."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000152479.54298.51","article-title":"Brugada syndrome: report of the second consensus conference: endorsed by the Heart rhythm society and the European heart rhythm association","volume":"111","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0102.101354","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of individuals with the electrocardiographic pattern of right bundle-branch block and ST-segment elevation in precordial leads V1 to V3","volume":"105","author":"Brugada","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000153267.21278.8D","article-title":"Long-term prognosis of individuals with right precordial ST-segment-elevation Brugada syndrome","volume":"111","author":"Eckardt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00613-3","article-title":"Autonomic and antiarrhythmic drug modulation of ST segment elevation in patients with Brugada syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Miyazaki","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut304","article-title":"Role of electrical storm as a mortality and morbidity risk factor and its clinical predictors: a meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Guerra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Europace."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.11.027","article-title":"Differences in effects of electrical therapy type for ventricular arrhythmias on mortality in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients","volume":"7","author":"Sweeney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.056","article-title":"Propranolol versus metoprolol for treatment of electrical storm in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator","volume":"71","author":"Chatzidou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.7.742","article-title":"Treating electrical storm : sympathetic blockade versus advanced cardiac life support-guided therapy","volume":"102","author":"Nademanee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.01.042","article-title":"Shock reduction with long-term quinidine in patients with brugada syndrome and malignant ventricular arrhythmia episodes","volume":"67","author":"Anguera","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.972612","article-title":"Prevention of ventricular fibrillation episodes in Brugada syndrome by catheter ablation over the anterior right ventricular outflow tract epicardium","volume":"123","author":"Nademanee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.100.15.1660","article-title":"Cellular basis for the Brugada syndrome and other mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis associated with ST-segment elevation","volume":"100","author":"Yan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2461","article-title":"The Brugada syndrome: diagnostic criteria and cellular mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.981715\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T01:13:59Z","timestamp":1666660439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.981715\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2022.981715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.981715","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"article-number":"981715"}}