{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:55:16Z","timestamp":1753890916421,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Electrical storm (ES) subsumes a state of electrical instability of the heart, which manifests itself in repeated and potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias (VA). We examine the long-term effects of substrate modification with regards to mortality, ventricular tachycardia (VT) recurrences and hospitalization depending on age, gender, heart function, scare location, VT documentation, postprocedural electrical stimulation (PES) and induced VTs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 08\/2008 and 09\/2019 160 consecutive patients admitted for ES ablation <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> electroanatomical mapping were followed up until 04\/2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>50\/160 patients showed VT recurrences after 13.8 \u00b1 21.7 (0.0\u201380.3) months, with a characteristic steep curve directly after ES and then a rapid decline leading to a plateau (first month 10\/50 (20%), first year 35\/50 VT recurrences (70%) Mortality rates followed a similar pattern also the initial decline was not as steep. 42 patients died during the observation period (26%) after 16.6 \u00b1 16.1 (0.0-67.9) months after ablation day (first month (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7, 16.7%) first year (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 21, 50%). Gender, age, scare localization, missing VT documentation did not worsen outcome. Induction of &amp;gt;3 VTs and lack of PES due to hemodynamic instability significantly decreased effectiveness. Finding the entry significantly increased long-term effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ablation of ES is safe and feasible independent of a variety of factors. Employing more sophisticated tools to understand the reentry mechanism will further improve the long-term outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.981985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T07:17:57Z","timestamp":1661930277000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term prognosis of successful left ventricular substrate modification of electrical storm"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Artak","family":"Margkarian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harilaos","family":"Bogossian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Bandorski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atisha","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuad","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Fortmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klothilda","family":"Jahaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Lemke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Zarse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00399-020-00672-0","article-title":"Elektrischer Sturm","volume":"31","author":"Zarse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Herzschr Elektrophys."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"3B","article-title":"An overview of antiarrhythmic drug management of electrical storm","volume":"12","author":"Kowey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198309083091001","article-title":"Survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the hospital","volume":"309","author":"Bedell","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv316","article-title":"2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death","volume":"36","author":"Priori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.10.035","article-title":"2017 AHA\/ACC\/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death","volume":"138","author":"Al Khatib","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.03.014","article-title":"2019 HRS\/EHRA\/APHRS\/LAHRS expert consensus statement on catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"21","author":"Cronin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5114\/aic.2019.83769","article-title":"Electrical storm\u2014still an extremely poor prognosis. 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