{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:01:32Z","timestamp":1790352092888,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Limited data are available on the association of malnutrition with the occurrence of delirium in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). Thus, we aimed to analyze whether nutritional indices and their components can predict the development of delirium in CICU.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 2,783 patients admitted to the CICU of Samsung Medical Center for more than 24\u2009h between September 2012 and December 2018. We assessed the nutritional status at admission using three indices, the Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI), the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT). Then, we compared predictive performances for the occurrence of delirium among nutritional indices using Delong\u2019s test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Delirium developed in 678 patients (24.3%) assessed three times daily for 7\u2009days of CICU stay. Nutritional indices had fair predictive performance for development of delirium in critically ill cardiac patients using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC: 0.729 for the GNRI, 0.728 for PNI, and 0.762 for CONUT). Furthermore, the AUROC of albumin alone (0.77, 95% CI, 0.75\u20130.79) was significantly greater than that of either GNRI (<jats:italic>p\u2009&amp;lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001) or PNI (<jats:italic>p\u2009&amp;lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001). In a multivariable analysis including each component of nutritional indices, albumin was a significant predictor for delirium but not absolute lymphocyte count, bodyweight\/ideal bodyweight, or total cholesterol level as a component of nutritional indices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Predictive performances of nutritional indices for the occurrence of delirium were acceptable in patients admitted to CICU. Albumin alone might be a helpful and straightforward indicator for the occurrence of delirium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1100160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T04:26:45Z","timestamp":1677817605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Associations of albumin and nutritional index factors with delirium in patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tae Wan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoung Eun","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Jin","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Ryang","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Hong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Min","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Hoon","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.14.1753","article-title":"Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit","volume":"291","author":"Ely","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30062-6","article-title":"Clinical phenotypes of delirium during critical illness and severity of subsequent long-term cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Girard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.02.033","article-title":"Acute noncardiovascular illness in the cardiac intensive care unit","volume":"69","author":"Holland","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx380","article-title":"Delirium in cardiac patients","volume":"38","author":"Grotti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872617695235","article-title":"Long-term prognostic value of delirium in elderly patients with acute cardiac diseases admitted to two cardiac intensive care units: a prospective study (DELIRIUM CORDIS)","volume":"7","author":"Falsini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1177\/00912174211028019","article-title":"Impact of delirium on mortality in patients hospitalized for heart failure","volume":"57","author":"Ritchie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-015-0278-x","article-title":"Impact of malnutrition on postoperative delirium development after on pump coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"10","author":"Ringaitien\u0117","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(80)90246-9","article-title":"Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery","volume":"139","author":"Buzby","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.4.777","article-title":"Geriatric nutritional risk index: a new index for evaluating at-risk elderly medical patients","volume":"82","author":"Bouillanne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"38","article-title":"CONUT: a tool for controlling nutritional status. 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