{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:50:11Z","timestamp":1753890611111,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study sought to noninvasively determine myocardial iron levels in HIV-1-infected patients using CMR and explore the association between T2* values and mild left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study was conducted from June 2019 to July 2021. HIV-1-infected adults and healthy controls were consecutively enrolled for CMR exam. CMR exam included the assessment of myocardium iron content (T2*), cardiac function (cine), inflammation (T2), and fibrosis (through extracellular volume fraction [ECV] and late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]) measurements. Mild LVSD is defined as a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between 40% and 49%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 47 HIV-1-infected patients enrolled, 12 were diagnosed with mild LVSD (HIV-1+\/LEVF+) and 35 were diagnosed with preserved LV function (HIV-1+\/LEVF\u2212). Compared with healthy controls, HIV-1-infected patients displayed higher T2*, T1, T2, ECV values and lower global circumferential strain (GCS) and global radial strain (GRS) (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). However, between patients with and without mild LVSD, only the T2* values and ECV (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;0.05) were different. The association between increased T2* values (&amp;gt;26\u2005ms) and mild LVSD remained significant after adjusting for the established univariate predictors (ECV &amp;gt;32.9%, T1 values &amp;gt;1336\u2005ms) of mild LVSD (odds ratio [OR], 10.153; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.565\u201365.878, <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.015).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myocardial T2* values were elevated in HIV-1-infected patients, supporting the notion that ID was associated with mild LVSD. Our findings highlight the potential for ID in HIV-1-infected patients as an auxiliary biomarker to monitor the course of LVSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1132893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T05:53:37Z","timestamp":1681278817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of myocardial iron deficiency based on T2* CMR with the risk of mild left ventricular dysfunction in HIV-1-infected patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Chengxi","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruili","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiannan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minglei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiujuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91592-V","article-title":"Prognostic factors and survival in children with perinatal HIV-1 infection","volume":"339","author":"Tovo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515001920","article-title":"Minimal impact of an iron-fortified lipid-based nutrient supplement on HB and iron status: a randomised controlled trial in malnourished HIV-positive African adults starting antiretroviral therapy","volume":"114","author":"James","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"390","author":"Vos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20040278","article-title":"Dietary iron\u00a0deficiency induces ventricular dilation, mitochondrial ultrastructural aberrations and\u00a0cytochrome c release: involvement of nitric oxide synthase and protein tyrosine\u00a0nitration","volume":"109","author":"Dong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.04.040","article-title":"Disordered iron homeostasis in chronic heart failure: prevalence, predictors, and relation to Anemia, exercise capacity, and survival","volume":"58","author":"Okonko","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108489","article-title":"Iron deficiency in the rat. 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