{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:46:58Z","timestamp":1789987618990,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Commando procedure, the surgical replacement of the mitral and aortic valves combined with reconstruction of the fibrosa fibrous body, is a technical challenge in patients with small aortic and mitral annuli. In this study, we evaluated the safety and early outcomes of the \u201cChimney\u201d modality of the Commando procedure, in patients with small aortic and mitral annuli, after prior valve surgery, using a self-assembled valved conduit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From April 2021 to April 2022, 30 consecutive cases of the \u201cChimney\u201d Commando procedure, with a self-assembled valved conduit and other combined cardiac procedures, were fully performed for re-operative patients with small aortic roots. Data were obtained through a medical record review, at the Asian Heart Hospital in Wuhan, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patient's mean age was 52.7\u2009\u00b1\u200913.53 years, with 93.3% females. All patients had a previous heart valve surgery, 90% of which had double valve replacement (DVR). Hospital death occurred in 3.3% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091) of the patients, due to malignant arrhythmias and multiorgan failure. Postoperative echocardiogram exams showed that the sizes of the aortic and mitral valve prostheses were 24.23\u2009\u00b1\u20091.60\u2005mm and 28.33\u2009\u00b1\u20091.21\u2005mm, respectively. All patients had intact intervalvular fibrosa (IVF) repair and no patient had any aberration in the left heart chamber communication. With the exception of one postoperative sick sinus syndrome and one re-sternotomy for bleeding, there were no significant postoperative complications, such as mortality, renal failure requiring ongoing dialysis, or mediastinitis. Echocardiography exams in the sixth postoperative month showed that the mean gradients of the aortic and mitral valves were 16.26\u2009\u00b1\u20096.44\u2005mmHg and 11.24\u2009\u00b1\u20094.90\u2005mmHg, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In comparison with the standard Commando operation, the early outcomes and safety of the \u201cChimney\u201d Commando procedure proved to be a feasible therapeutic option for patients with small aortic and mitral annuli, after prior valve operations. This approach enables the enlargement of the aortic and mitral annuli and the implantation of the necessary valve prosthesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1139771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T13:23:22Z","timestamp":1690205002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Early outcomes of the \u201cChimney\u201d commando procedure in the small aortic and mitral annuli"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mingyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laichun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingcheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.04.081","article-title":"Rapid-deployment aortic valves in a small aortic root: prosthesis-patient mismatch and pacemaker implantation: reply","volume":"111","author":"Coti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-012-0306-x","article-title":"Mid-term results of small-sized St. Jude medical regent prosthetic valves (21\u2005mm or less) for small aortic annulus","volume":"28","author":"Mizoguchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(97)70080-1","article-title":"Aortic and mitral valve replacement with reconstruction of the intervalvular fibrous body","volume":"114","author":"David","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.05.149","article-title":"Combined manouguian-guiraudon approach for double valve replacement: the commando revisited","volume":"111","author":"Marey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.02.035","article-title":"\u2018Chimney\u2019 bentall procedure in the small aortic root after prior aortic valve operations","volume":"110","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)38105-X","article-title":"Patch enlargement of the aortic valve ring by extending the aortic incision into the anterior mitral leaflet. 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