{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:39:05Z","timestamp":1777448345884,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81800336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81800336"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myocarditis is challenging to diagnose because of its various clinical manifestations. Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is a severe type of myocarditis characterized by heart failure, malignant arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest. Its early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial for a positive long-term prognosis. Here we report a case of 42-year-old woman who presented with fever, chest pain, and cardiogenic shock. An initial examination showed increased myocardial enzyme levels and diffuse ST-segment elevation. Urgent coronary angiography excluded coronary artery stenosis. Echocardiography revealed decreased left ventricular systolic function. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed cardiomyocyte necrosis and interstitial inflammatory edema. The patient was diagnosed with FM and administered antiviral and anti-infective agents, glucocorticoid, immunoglobulin, and supported with temporary cardiac pacemaker and positive airway therapy, and treated with continuous renal replacement therapy. As her clinical condition deteriorated rapidly, we immediately started an intra-aortic balloon pump and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. She was discharged on day 15 and recovered normally during follow-up. The early initiation of mechanical circulatory support and immunosuppression are life-saving tools for the treatment of FM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1144630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T05:04:06Z","timestamp":1681880646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Successful rescue of fulminant myocarditis with mechanical circulatory support and immunosuppression therapy: A case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht210","article-title":"Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European society of cardiology working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases","volume":"34","author":"Caforio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2017.1262764","article-title":"Established and novel treatment options in acute myocarditis, with or without heart failure","volume":"15","author":"Lazaros","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-017-0870-x","article-title":"Myocarditis: a clinical overview","volume":"19","author":"Caforio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.108","article-title":"Viral myocarditis\u2013diagnosis, treatment options, and current controversies","volume":"12","author":"Pollack","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-014-0196-6","article-title":"Management of fulminant myocarditis: a diagnosis in search of its etiology but with therapeutic options","volume":"11","author":"Maisch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Heart Fail Rep"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003093421003","article-title":"Long-term outcome of fulminant myocarditis as compared with acute (nonfulminant) myocarditis","volume":"342","author":"McCarthy","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-018-9385-3","article-title":"Chinese Society of cardiology expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of adult fulminant myocarditis","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306573","article-title":"Myocarditis","volume":"118","author":"Fung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14697","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014697","article-title":"Early characteristics of fulminant myocarditis vs non-fulminant myocarditis: a meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.09.017","article-title":"Fulminant myocarditis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"124","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(00)00690-2","article-title":"Echocardiographic findings in fulminant and acute myocarditis","volume":"36","author":"Felker","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(03)00648-x","article-title":"Detection of viruses in myocardial tissues by polymerase chain reaction. 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