{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:49:08Z","timestamp":1753890548718,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to assess the prevalence of atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM) in patients with new-onset metabolic syndrome (MetS) and investigate whether ACM could be a predictor of hospital admission for cardiovascular (CV) events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with MetS who were free of clinically proven atrial fibrillation and other CV diseases (CVDs) at baseline were included in the present study. The prevalence of ACM was compared between MetS patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The time to first hospital admission for a CV event between subgroups was assessed using the Cox proportional hazard model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 15,528 MetS patients were included in the final analysis. Overall, LVH patients accounted for 25.6% of all newly diagnosed MetS patients. ACM occurred in 52.9% of the cohort and involved 74.8% of LVH patients. Interestingly, a significant percentage of ACM patients (45.4%) experienced MetS without LVH. After 33.2\u2009\u00b1\u200920.6 months of follow-up, 7,468 (48.1%) patients had a history of readmission due to CV events. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that ACM was associated with an increased risk of admission for CVDs in the MetS patients with LVH [hazard ratio (HR), 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.142\u20131.458; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001]. Likewise, ACM was found to be independently associated with hospital readmission due to CVD-related events in MetS patients without LVH (HR, 1.175; 95% CI, 1.105\u20131.250; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>ACM is a marker of early myocardial remodeling and predicts hospitalization for CV events in patients with MetS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1162886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T04:59:52Z","timestamp":1683089992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Early atrial remodeling predicts the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic syndrome: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rohbaiz","family":"Wali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenglin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salah D.","family":"Sama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharen","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tesfaldet H.","family":"Hidru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.316340","article-title":"Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in the 21st century: novel methods and new insights","volume":"127","author":"Kornej","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association\/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement","volume":"112","author":"Grundy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486","article-title":"Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III)","volume":"285","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.06.038","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome, atrial fibrillation, and stroke: tackling an emerging epidemic","volume":"12","author":"Hajhosseiny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.88.4.1444","article-title":"Role of preclinical cardiovascular disease in the evolution from risk factor exposure to development of morbid events","volume":"88","author":"Devereux","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.15.22","article-title":"Atrial cardiopathy: a broadened concept of left atrial thromboembolism beyond atrial fibrillation","volume":"11","author":"Kamel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Cardiol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.89.2.724","article-title":"Echocardiographic predictors of nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. 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