{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:15:46Z","timestamp":1788200146794,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are the leading causes of death globally. Cardio-cerebral infarction (CCI) is the rare occurrence of AMI and AIS, either simultaneously or one after the other. Treatment recommendations are not clear in case of the occurrence of AMI and AIS simultaneously, especially the strategy of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report consecutive seven case series of patients with CCI who underwent primary PCI in our institute. Comorbidities, strategy of primary PCI, and outcomes were investigated. All patients presented with the chief complaints associated with stroke. Atrial fibrillation (AF) was complicated in five of CCI patients, and four of AF patients were not anticoagulated. The major causes of stroke were cardiogenic and\/or hemodynamic in this case series. All patients showed total occlusion in the culprit lesion, and six patients had other diseased vessels. Thrombus aspiration was mainly chosen as the reperfusion strategy in PCI. However, only two patients were diagnosed as definitive coronary embolism, and stenting was needed in six patients due to severe atherosclerotic lesion in culprit coronary artery. Final thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 3 flow was achieved only in four patients. Hemorrhagic complications occurred in three patients. Two patients died during in-hospital stay, and most had to be transferred for rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CCI was a rare but fatal condition in patients who underwent primary PCI. Although CCI was associated with concomitant atrial fibrillation, organic coronary stenosis requiring stenting for revascularization was present in almost all the cases. Given the complexity of coronary artery lesions and high in-hospital mortality, further investigations are needed to determine the optimal treatment strategy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1165735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T15:33:13Z","timestamp":1690817593000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Primary percutaneous coronary intervention for cardio-cerebral infarction: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kobara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Amisaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-007089","article-title":"Stroke and myocardial infarction: a terrible association","author":"Bacci","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12928-021-00829-9","article-title":"CVIT Expert consensus document on primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) update 2022","volume":"37","author":"Ozaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Interv Ther"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393","article-title":"2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: the task force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"39","author":"Ibanez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACC.2015.10.005","article-title":"2015 ACC\/AHA\/SCAI focused update on primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an update of the 2011 ACCF\/AHA\/SCAI guideline for percutaneous coronary intervention and the 2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"67","author":"Levine","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.033744","article-title":"Advances in acute stroke treatment 2020","volume":"52","author":"Broderick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E344","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000211","article-title":"Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"50","author":"Powers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-7682-3-25","article-title":"Concomitant acute right ventricular infarction and ischemic cerebrovascular stroke; 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