{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T18:31:14Z","timestamp":1773253874090,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the association between inflammatory plasma protein concentrations and long-term mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For 343 STEMI patients recorded between 2009 and 2013 by the population-based Myocardial Infarction Registry Augsburg, 92 inflammatory plasma proteins were measured at the index event using the OLINK inflammation panel. In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models, the association between each plasma protein and all-cause long-term mortality was investigated. Median follow-up time was 7.6 (IQR: 2.4) years. For plasma protein that showed a strong association with long-term mortality, a 5-year survival ROC analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One plasma protein, namely Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF-23), was particularly well associated with long-term mortality in the multivariable-adjusted Cox model with an FDR-adjusted <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value of &amp;lt;0.001 and a Hazard Ratio (HR) of 1.57 [95% CI: 1.29\u20131.91]. In the 5-years ROC analysis, an AUC of 0.6903 [95% CI: 0.594\u20130.781] was estimated for FGF-23. All other plasma protein did\u0144t show strong associations, each marker with FDR-adjusted <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-values &amp;gt;0.05 in the multivariable-adjusted Cox models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>FGF-23 is independently associated with long-term mortality after STEMI and might play an important role in the response to myocardial injury. The results suggest FGF-23 to be a useful marker in the long-term treatment of STEMI patients and a potential target for drug development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1173281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T12:17:49Z","timestamp":1691151469000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Baseline fibroblast growth factor 23 is associated with long-term mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction\u2014results from the augsburg myocardial infarction registry"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Timo","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bastian","family":"Wein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margit","family":"Heier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christa","family":"Meisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Linseisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq468","article-title":"Assessment of multiple cardiac biomarkers in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: observations from the MERLIN-TIMI 36 trial","volume":"32","author":"Scirica","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.12.034","article-title":"Prognostic performance of multiple biomarkers in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: analysis from the MERLIN-TIMI 36 trial (metabolic efficiency with ranolazine for less ischemia in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes-thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 36)","volume":"63","author":"O'Malley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.197392","article-title":"Multimarker risk model containing troponin-T, interleukin 10, myeloperoxidase and placental growth factor predicts long-term cardiovascular risk after non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Oemrawsingh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002586","article-title":"Multimarker risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"5","author":"O'Donoghue","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2021.09.001","article-title":"Differences in biomarker concentrations and predictions of long-term outcome in patients with ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"98","author":"Hjort","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487317725017","article-title":"GDF-15 and TRAIL-R2 are powerful predictors of long-term mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"24","author":"Skau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-858241","article-title":"The population-based acute myocardial infarction (AMI) registry of the MONICA\/KORA study region of augsburg","volume":"67","author":"L\u00f6wel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gesundheitswesen"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2008.01956.x","article-title":"20-year Trends in clinical characteristics, therapy and short-term prognosis in acute myocardial infarction according to presenting electrocardiogram: the MONICA\/KORA AMI registry (1985\u20132004)","volume":"264","author":"Kuch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2021.11.004","article-title":"Novel associations between inflammation-related proteins and adiposity: a targeted proteomics approach across four population-based studies","volume":"242","author":"Ponce-de-Leon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"B10","year":""},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-030212-183727","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 23 and Klotho: physiology and pathophysiology of an endocrine network of mineral metabolism","volume":"75","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3779","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2215","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 23 and cause-specific mortality in the general population: the northern manhattan study","volume":"101","author":"Souma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000936","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.000936","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-23 and incident coronary heart disease, heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study","volume":"3","author":"Lutsey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.327","article-title":"Higher fibroblast growth factor-23 increases the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the community","volume":"83","author":"\u00c4rnl\u00f6v","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.03.040","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-23 and death, heart failure, and cardiovascular events in community-living individuals: CHS (cardiovascular health study)","volume":"60","author":"Ix","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000294","article-title":"FGF-23 and cardiovascular disease: review of literature","volume":"23","author":"Batra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-10-201005180-00004","article-title":"The associations of fibroblast growth factor 23 and uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein with mortality in coronary artery disease: the heart and soul study","volume":"152","author":"Parker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.15190\/d.2019.10","article-title":"Cardiac FGF23: a new player in myocardial infarction","volume":"7","author":"Schumacher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Discoveries (Craiova)"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0249830","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249830","article-title":"Sex-differences in circulating biomarkers during acute myocardial infarction: an analysis from the SWEDEHEART registry","volume":"16","author":"Eggers","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632260","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.632260","article-title":"An overview of FGF-23 as a novel candidate biomarker of cardiovascular risk","volume":"12","author":"V\u00e1zquez-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017121334","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-23 and risks of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Marthi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2527","article-title":"Experimental myocardial infarction upregulates circulating fibroblast growth factor-23","volume":"30","author":"Andrukhova","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.02.001","article-title":"Cardiac FGF23: new insights into the role and function of FGF23 after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"40","author":"Schumacher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-310520","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 23 as novel biomarker for early risk stratification after ST-elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"103","author":"Reindl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-017-0876-4","article-title":"Adverse remodeling and reverse remodeling after myocardial infarction","volume":"19","author":"Bhatt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2012.116","article-title":"The role of FGF23 in CKD\u2013with or without Klotho","volume":"8","author":"Komaba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013050465","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-23 and cardiovascular events in CKD","volume":"25","author":"Scialla","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9982-4","article-title":"Plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from the EPIC-Germany case-cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Di Giuseppe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3983","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq309","article-title":"FGF-23 and future cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease before initiation of dialysis treatment","volume":"25","author":"Seiler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.10.010","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 23 is related to profiles indicating volume overload, poor therapy optimization and prognosis in patients with new-onset and worsening heart failure","volume":"253","author":"Maaten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12416","article-title":"Bone marrow and plasma FGF-23 in heart failure patients: novel insights into the heart-bone axis","volume":"6","author":"Jeinsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2011.02631.x","article-title":"Inorganic phosphate and FGF-23 predict outcome in stable systolic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"Plischke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.06.036","article-title":"FGF23 Predicts outcomes in heart failure but questions remain unanswered","volume":"338","author":"Duran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.028","article-title":"Discharge FGF23 level predicts one year outcome in patients admitted with acute heart failure","volume":"336","author":"Vergaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2012.08.003","article-title":"C-terminal FGF23 is a strong predictor of survival in systolic heart failure","volume":"37","author":"Gruson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.09.027","article-title":"Left ventricular ejection fraction to predict early mortality in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes","volume":"150","author":"Bosch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001007","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2019-001007","article-title":"Left ventricular ejection fraction adds value over the GRACE score in prediction of 6-month mortality after ACS: the MADDEC study","volume":"6","author":"Syyli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.03.021","article-title":"Time-to-treatment significantly affects the extent of ST-segment resolution and myocardial blush in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty","volume":"25","author":"Luca","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0b013e3181efea66","article-title":"Impact of prehospital delay in treatment seeking on in-hospital complications after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-17-0826","article-title":"Changes in serum fibroblast growth factor 23 in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"82","author":"Takahashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2021.100727","article-title":"The relationship between fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and cardiac MRI findings following primary PCI in patients with acute first time STEMI","volume":"33","author":"Thorsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1173281\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T12:17:55Z","timestamp":1691151475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1173281\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1173281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1173281","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"article-number":"1173281"}}