{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:31:14Z","timestamp":1792621874833,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of pathologies characterized by structural and functional alterations of the heart. Recent technological advances in cardiovascular imaging offer an opportunity for deep phenotypic and etiological definition. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the first-line diagnostic tool in the evaluation of both asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. Some electrocardiographic signs are pathognomonic or fall within validated diagnostic criteria of individual cardiomyopathy such as the inverted T waves in right precordial leads (V1\u2013V3) or beyond in individuals with complete pubertal development in the absence of complete right bundle branch block for the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy of the right ventricle (ARVC) or the presence of low voltages typically seen in more than 60% of patients with amyloidosis. Most other electrocardiographic findings such as the presence of depolarization changes including QRS fragmentation, the presence of epsilon wave, the presence of reduced or increased voltages as well as alterations in the repolarization phase including the negative T waves in the lateral leads, or the profound inversion of the T waves or downsloping of the ST tract are more non-specific signs which can however raise the clinical suspicion of cardiomyopathy in order to initiate a diagnostic procedure especially using imaging techniques for diagnostic confirmation. Such electrocardiographic alterations not only have a counterpart in imaging investigations such as evidence of late gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging, but may also have an important prognostic value once a definite diagnosis has been made. In addition, the presence of electrical stimulus conduction disturbances or advanced atrioventricular blocks that can be seen especially in conditions such as cardiac amyloidosis or sarcoidosis, or the presence of left bundle branch block or posterior fascicular block in dilated or arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathies are recognized as a possible expression of advanced pathology. Similarly, the presence of ventricular arrhythmias with typical patterns such as non-sustained or sustained ventricular tachycardia of LBBB morphology in ARVC or non-sustained or sustained ventricular tachycardia with an RBBB morphology (excluding the \u201cfascicular pattern\u201d) in arrhythmogenic left ventricle cardiomyopathy could have a significant impact on the course of each disease. It is therefore clear that a learned and careful interpretation of ECG features can raise suspicion of the presence of a cardiomyopathy, identify diagnostic \u201cred flags\u201d useful for orienting the diagnosis toward specific forms, and provide useful tools for risk stratification. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the important role of the ECG in the diagnostic workup, describing the main ECG findings of different cardiomyopathies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1178163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T05:12:11Z","timestamp":1687151531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The pivotal role of ECG in cardiomyopathies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Silvetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oreste","family":"Lanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Fedele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Lanzillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Crescenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Fanisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Cal\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm342","article-title":"Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases","volume":"29","author":"Elliott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.09.037","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death and cardiovascular pathology: from anatomic theater to double helix","volume":"114","author":"Thiene","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs397","article-title":"Diagnostic work-up in cardiomyopathies: bridging the gap between clinical phenotypes and final diagnosis. A position statement from the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases","volume":"34","author":"Rapezzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartjsupp\/suad023","article-title":"The value of the 12-lead electrocardiogram in the prediction of sudden cardiac death","author":"Cal\u00f2","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv727","article-title":"Proposal for a revised definition of dilated cardiomyopathy, hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy, and its implications for clinical practice: a position statement of the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases","volume":"37","author":"Pinto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-0736(05)80270-5","article-title":"ECG characteristics of dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"27","author":"Momiyama","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.37.12.1281","article-title":"Electrocardiographic detection of left atrial enlargement. Correlation of P wave with left atrial dimension by echocardiography","volume":"37","author":"Chirife","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(86)80207-8","article-title":"Electrocardiographic diagnosis of chamber enlargement","volume":"8","author":"Surawicz","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2003.12.020","article-title":"P-wave duration and P-wave dispersion in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"5","author":"Senen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-8703(98)70030-4","article-title":"Simple electrocardiographic markers for the prediction of paroxysmal idiopathic atrial fibrillation","volume":"135","author":"Dilaveris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartjsupp\/suad043","article-title":"The ECG in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy","author":"Crescenzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1815","article-title":"The electrocardiogram in the diagnosis and management of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"22","author":"Finocchiaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(02)01724-2","article-title":"Autosomal dominant dilated cardiomyopathy with atrioventricular block: a lamin A\/C defect-related disease","volume":"39","author":"Arbustini","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000000804","article-title":"ECG in dilated cardiomyopathy: specific findings and long-term prognostic significance","volume":"20","author":"Merlo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.11.010","article-title":"Defining left bundle branch block in the era of cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"107","author":"Strauss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu016","article-title":"New onset left bundle branch block independently predicts long-term mortality in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: data from the Trieste Heart Muscle Disease Registry","volume":"16","author":"Aleksova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab364","article-title":"ESC scientific document group. 2021 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"42","author":"Glikson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.12.033","article-title":"Left posterior fascicular block and increased risk of sudden cardiac death in young people","volume":"77","author":"Cal\u00f2","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1982.tb02285.x","article-title":"A specific ECG triad associated with congestive heart failure","volume":"5","author":"Goldberger","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.10.053","article-title":"Goldberger\u2019s electrocardiographic triad in patients with echocardiographic severe left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"109","author":"Lopez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.014","article-title":"AHA\/ACCF\/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part IV: the ST segment, T and U waves, and the QT interval: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. Endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology","volume":"53","author":"Rautaharju","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.06.072","article-title":"Genetic risk of arrhythmic phenotypes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"74","author":"Gigli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.01.016","article-title":"Genetic deletion of arginine 14 in phospholamban causes dilated cardiomyopathy with attenuated electrocardiographic R amplitudes","volume":"6","author":"Posch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa027","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of low QRS voltages in cardiomyopathies: old but gold","volume":"29","author":"Valentini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv360","article-title":"The value of the 12-lead electrocardiogram in localizing the scar in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"18","author":"Oloriz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jey047","article-title":"Myocardial fibrosis as an early feature in phospholamban p.Arg14del mutation carriers: phenotypic insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"20","author":"Rijdt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.013","article-title":"Heart Rhythm Society. AHA\/ACCF\/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society: endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology","volume":"53","author":"Surawicz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000474","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2016-000474","article-title":"Clinical disease presentation and ECG characteristics of LMNA mutation carriers","volume":"4","author":"Ollila","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.66.4.853","article-title":"Cardiac conduction abnormalities in children with Duchenne\u2019s progressive muscular dystrophy: electrocardiographic features and morphologic correlates","volume":"66","author":"Sanyal","year":"1982","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.09.065","article-title":"Fragmented QRS on twelve-lead electrocardiogram predicts arrhythmic events in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"7","author":"Das","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2010.01242.x","article-title":"Fragmented QRS complexes are associated with cardiac fibrosis and significant intraventricular systolic dyssynchrony in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy patients with a narrow QRS interval","volume":"28","author":"Basaran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.04.064","article-title":"Prognostic implications of fragmented QRS and its relationship with delayed contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"167","author":"Ahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur437","article-title":"The J wave and fragmented QRS complexes in inferior leads associated with sudden cardiac death in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"14","author":"Pei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2011.00442.x","article-title":"Fragmented QRS is associated with all-cause mortality and ventricular arrhythmias in patient with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"16","author":"Sha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.110.940478","article-title":"Fragmented QRS and mortality risk in patients with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"3","author":"Cheema","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/s0828-282x(09)70137-0","article-title":"The utility of fragmented QRS complexes to predict significant intraventricular dyssynchrony in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy patients with a narrow QRS interval","volume":"25","author":"Tigen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e3182874abb","article-title":"Electrocardiographic findings suggestive of cardiomyopathy: what to look for and what to do next","volume":"2","author":"Pelto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/36\/4\/699","article-title":"QT Variability improves risk stratification in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"36","author":"Fischer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.2010.908","article-title":"Impact of atrial fibrillation on outcome of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: data from the Heart Muscle Disease Registry of Trieste","volume":"8","author":"Aleksova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Med Res"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx596","article-title":"Lamin A\/C cardiomyopathy: young onset, high penetrance, and frequent need for heart transplantation","volume":"39","author":"Hasselberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.4.447","article-title":"Sodium channel mutations and susceptibility to heart failure and atrial fibrillation","volume":"293","author":"Olson","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.530","article-title":"Truncating variants in titin independently predict early arrhythmias in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"69","author":"Tayal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3437","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa226","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: results of the EU-CERT-ICD controlled multicentre cohort study","volume":"41","author":"Zabel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-017-1079-0","article-title":"Implantable cardioverter\/defibrillators for primary prevention in dilated cardiomyopathy post-DANISH: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"106","author":"Wolff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3997","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac262","article-title":"2022 ESC guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death","volume":"43","author":"Zeppenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2016.09.017","article-title":"Late gadolinium enhancement and the risk for ventricular arrhythmias or sudden death in dilated cardiomyopathy: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Di Marco","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.06.072","article-title":"Genetic risk of arrhythmic phenotypes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"74","author":"Gigli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1384","article-title":"External validation of risk factors for malignant ventricular arrhythmias in lamin A\/C mutation carriers","volume":"21","author":"Thuillot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.078","article-title":"Risk factors for malignant ventricular arrhythmias in lamin A\/C mutation carriers a European cohort study","volume":"59","author":"van Rijsingen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.04.022","article-title":"2022 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation and management of arrhythmic risk in neuromuscular disorders","volume":"19","author":"Groh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062800","article-title":"Electrocardiographic abnormalities and sudden death in myotonic dystrophy type 1","volume":"358","author":"Groh","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa256","article-title":"Electrocardiographic predictors of infra-Hissian conduction disturbances in myotonic dystrophy type 1","volume":"23","author":"Joosten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2021.01.017","article-title":"A normal electrocardiogram does not exclude infra-Hisian conduction disease in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1","volume":"7","author":"Creta","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab282","article-title":"Arrhythmic CArdiac DEath in MYotonic dystrophy type 1 patients (ACADEMY 1) study: the predictive role of programmed ventricular stimulation","volume":"24","author":"Russo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.06.022","article-title":"Electrocardiographic abnormalities and arrhythmias are strongly associated with the development of cardiomyopathy in muscular dystrophy","volume":"10","author":"Shah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.05.065","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis, imaging, and genetics of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy\/dysplasia: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"72","author":"Gandjbakhch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvx150","article-title":"Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: pathology, genetics, and concepts in pathogenesis","volume":"113","author":"Hoorntje","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e021987","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021987","article-title":"Evolving diagnostic criteria for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy","volume":"10","author":"Corrado","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.06.005","article-title":"Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: the Padua criteria","volume":"319","author":"Corrado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12202","article-title":"Fragmented QRS complex predicts the arrhythmic events in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy\/dysplasia","volume":"24","author":"Canpolat","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2008.07.012","article-title":"QRS fragmentation in standard ECG as a diagnostic marker of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia-cardiomyopathy","volume":"5","author":"Peters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.223412","article-title":"The cardiac desmosome and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies: from gene to disease","volume":"107","author":"Delmar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz669","article-title":"International experts. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: evaluation of the current diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis","volume":"41","author":"Corrado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.09.070","article-title":"Special features of right bundle branch block in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy\/dysplasia","volume":"17","author":"Peters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.65.2.384","article-title":"Right ventricular dysplasia: a report of 24 adult cases","volume":"65","author":"Marcus","year":"1982","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01140.x","article-title":"Activation delay and VT parameters in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia\/cardiomyopathy: toward improvement of diagnostic ECG criteria","volume":"19","author":"Cox","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009855","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009855","article-title":"Relationship between electrocardiographic findings and cardiac magnetic resonance\u00a0phenotypes in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy","volume":"7","author":"De Lazzari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X16666200810105029","article-title":"Epsilon waves as an extreme form of depolarization delay: focusing on the arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy\/dysplasia","volume":"17","author":"Platonov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403(10666140514102928","article-title":"The electrocardiographic manifestations of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"B70","first-page":"1","article-title":"Right ventricular tachycardias","volume-title":"Cardiology","author":"Fontaine","year":"1991"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.06.011","article-title":"Combination of ECG and echocardiography for identification of arrhythmic events in early ARVC","volume":"10","author":"Leren","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa039","article-title":"Diagnosing arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy by 2010 task force criteria: clinical performance and simplified practical implementation","volume":"22","author":"Bosman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euy179","article-title":"Electrocardiographic differentiation between \u201cbenign T-wave inversion\u201d and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy","volume":"21","author":"Finocchiaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100529","article-title":"How to evaluate premature ventricular beats in the athlete: critical review and proposal of a diagnostic algorithm","volume":"54","author":"Corrado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.10.015","article-title":"Risk stratification of patients with apparently idiopathic premature ventricular contractions: a multicenter international CMR registry","volume":"6","author":"Muser","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.05.017","article-title":"Electrocardiographic comparison of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia","volume":"58","author":"Hoffmayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-000-0034-1","article-title":"Ventricular tachycardia catheter ablation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: a 16-year experience","volume":"2","author":"Fontaine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014628","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014628","article-title":"Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: characterization of left ventricular phenotype and differential diagnosis with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"9","author":"Cipriani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-316944","article-title":"Arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy","volume":"108","author":"Corrado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.09.048","article-title":"Filamin C variants are associated with a distinctive clinical and immunohistochemical arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy phenotype","volume":"307","author":"Hall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab355","article-title":"Arrhythmic risk stratification in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: new predictors for left-sided variants?","volume":"42","author":"Corrado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jez188","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy: a comprehensive genotype-imaging phenotype study","volume":"21","author":"Augusto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartjsupp\/suad019","article-title":"Electrocardiogram in arrhytmogenic cardiomyopathy","author":"Cal\u00f2","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009005","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.120.009005","article-title":"Characteristics of patients with arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy: combining genetic and histopathologic findings","volume":"13","author":"Casella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.09.019","article-title":"Left-dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: an under-recognized clinical entity","volume":"52","author":"Sen-Chowdhry","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e018206","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.018206","article-title":"Predictors of left ventricular scar using cardiac magnetic resonance in athletes with apparently idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"10","author":"Crescenzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.044","article-title":"2020 AHA\/ACC guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"76","author":"Ommen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.112.967026","article-title":"Patterns of disease progression in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy an individualized approach to clinical staging","volume":"5","author":"Olivotto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.03.074","article-title":"Relationship of ECG findings to phenotypic expression in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a cardiac magnetic resonance study","volume":"167","author":"Delcr\u00e8","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.07.019","article-title":"The electrocardiogram in the diagnosis and management of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"17","author":"Finocchiaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.11.011","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary responses and prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a potential role for comprehensive noninvasive hemodynamic assessment","volume":"3","author":"Finocchiaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.05.035","article-title":"Significance of false negative electro- cardiograms in preparticipation screening of athletes for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"110","author":"Rowin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001034","article-title":"Electrocardiographic voltage criteria in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"21","author":"Monzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zwad035","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad035","article-title":"Low QRS voltages and left ventricular hypertrophy: a risky association","author":"Pelliccia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-020-02506-9","article-title":"High ECG risk-scores predict late gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging in HCM in the young","volume":"42","author":"\u00d6sterberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12742","article-title":"Electrocardiographic QRS fragmentation as a marker for myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"26","author":"Konno","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-14-13","article-title":"Clinical utility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in hypertrophic\u00a0cardiomyopathy","volume":"14","author":"Maron","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1080\/10976640600945465","article-title":"Extent of myocardial hyperenhancement on late gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance correlates with q waves in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"9","author":"Papavassiliu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312647","article-title":"Large Q and S waves in lead III on the electrocardiogram distinguish patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from athletes","volume":"104","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.05.023","article-title":"Usefulness of electrocardiographic patterns at presentation to predict long-term risk of cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"118","author":"Biagini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.03.010","article-title":"J waves for predicting cardiac events in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"3","author":"Tsuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr02","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical correlates of QT prolongation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"32","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.134932","article-title":"Late sodium current inhibition reverses electromechanical dysfunction in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"127","author":"Coppini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311059","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: genetics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapy","volume":"121","author":"Marian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2015.06.004","article-title":"Electrocardiographic evolution in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who develop a left ventricular apical aneurysm","volume":"48","author":"Pennacchini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.09.083","article-title":"REMY Working group of the French Society of Cardiology. Influence of centre expertise on the diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a study from the French register of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (REMY)","volume":"275","author":"Mirabel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4679","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac543","article-title":"Restrictive cardiomyopathy: definition and diagnosis","volume":"43","author":"Rapezzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001105","article-title":"Danon disease: clinical features, evaluation, and management","volume":"7","author":"D\u2019souza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/8904_2013_222","article-title":"Fabry disease","volume":"11","author":"Havranek","year":"2013","journal-title":"JIMD Rep"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2016.00007","article-title":"Electrocardiographic changes and arrhythmia in Fabry disease","volume":"3","author":"Namdar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa101","article-title":"The myocardial phenotype of Fabry disease prehypertrophy and pre-detectable storage","volume":"22","author":"Augusto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.211789","article-title":"Electrocardiographic changes in early recognition of Fabry disease","volume":"97","author":"Namdar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur267","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of anti-bradycardia pacing in patients with Anderson\u2013Fabry disease","volume":"13","author":"O\u2019Mahony","year":"2011","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-012-9540-8","article-title":"Cross-sectional baseline analysis of electrocardiography in a large cohort of patients with untreated Fabry disease","volume":"36","author":"Niemann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Inherit Metab Dis"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2005.12.016","article-title":"The electrocardiographic features of Fabry disease and amyloidosis","volume":"24","author":"Marafioti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960060907","article-title":"A quantitative relationship of electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy with echocardiographic left ventricular mass: a multivariate approach","volume":"6","author":"Kansal","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1960","article-title":"An expert consensus document on the management of cardiovascular manifestations of Fabry disease","volume":"22","author":"Linhart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1586","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(12)61587-3","article-title":"A simple voltage\/mass index improves diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis: an electrocardiographic and echocardiographic study of 570 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"59","author":"Quarta","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.08.043","article-title":"Noninvasive diagnosis of biopsy-proven cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"43","author":"Rahman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab072","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis: a position statement of the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases","volume":"42","author":"Garcia-Pavia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-015-9480-0","article-title":"Cardiac amyloidosis: the great pretender","volume":"20","author":"Rapezzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.843334","article-title":"Systemic cardiac amyloidoses: disease profiles and clinical courses of the 3 main types","volume":"120","author":"Rapezzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.02.006","article-title":"Risk of mortality in individuals with low QRS voltage and free of cardiovascular disease","volume":"113","author":"Usoro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccao.2022.08.007","article-title":"Low QRS voltages in cardiac amyloidosis: clinical correlates and prognostic value","volume":"4","author":"Cipriani","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC CardioOncol"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2007.01.012","article-title":"Non-invasive predictors of survival in cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"9","author":"Kristen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e006619","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006619","article-title":"Baseline ECG features and arrhythmic profile in transthyretin versus light chain cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"13","author":"Cappelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2533","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for pacemaker implantation in light-chain and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"24","author":"Porcari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.605","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"68","author":"Birnie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.03.175","article-title":"Electrocardiographic abnormalities and risk of developing cardiac events in extracardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"189","author":"Nagao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2020.07.006","article-title":"The ECG in sarcoidosis\u2014a marker of cardiac involvement? Current evidence and clinical implications","volume":"77","author":"Willy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.03.043","article-title":"HRS Expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of arrhythmias associated with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"11","author":"Birnie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02099.x","article-title":"Electrocardiographic characteristics in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis indicating cardiac involvement","volume":"22","author":"Schuller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2009.00320.x","article-title":"Fragmented QRS complexes on 12-lead ECG: a marker of cardiac sarcoidosis as detected by gadolinium cardiac magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"14","author":"Homsi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.04.032","article-title":"The precordial R\u2019 wave: a novel discriminator between cardiac sarcoidosis and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in patients presenting with ventricular tachycardia","volume":"18","author":"Hoogendoorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2017.05.011","article-title":"Evaluation of QT dispersion and T-peak to T-end interval in patients with early-stage sarcoidosis","volume":"36","author":"Kasapkara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.50.731","article-title":"Noninvasive diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis using microvolt T-wave alternans","volume":"50","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Heart J"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-016-0881-3","article-title":"T wave amplitude in lead aVR as a novel diagnostic marker for cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"32","author":"Tanaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.05.041","article-title":"Review of cardiomyopathy imaging","volume":"82","author":"Gunaratnam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2018.03.004","article-title":"Genetic evaluation of cardiomyopathy: a heart failure society of America practice\u00a0guideline","volume":"24","author":"Hershberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Card Fail"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1178163\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T05:12:16Z","timestamp":1687151536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1178163\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"references-count":139,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1178163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1178163","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"article-number":"1178163"}}