{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:12:43Z","timestamp":1787026363208,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although observational studies have shown that patients who experienced transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) had a higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), the causal relationship is ambiguous.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to analyze the causal relationship between TIA and CAD using data from the FinnGen genome-wide association study. Analysis was performed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. The robustness of the results was evaluated using MR-Egger regression, the weighted median, MR pleiotropy residual sum, and outlier (MR-PRESSO) and multivariable MR analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results from IVW random-effect model showed that TIA was associated with an increased risk of coronary artery atherosclerosis (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06\u20131.28,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), ischemic heart disease (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04\u20131.27,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007), and myocardial infarction (OR1.15, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.29,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.025). In addition, heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were observed in the ischemic heart disease results, while the sensitivity analysis revealed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy in other outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This MR study demonstrated a potential causal relationship between TIA and CAD. Further research should be conducted to investigate the mechanism underlying the association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1192664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T11:39:52Z","timestamp":1692617992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Transient ischemic attack and coronary artery disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangxian","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiongbiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianwen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunfu","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207","article-title":"Atherosclerosis\u2013an inflammatory disease","volume":"340","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2016.04.003","article-title":"Coronary atherosclerosis: pathophysiologic basis for diagnosis and management","volume":"58","author":"Boudoulas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16812","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28350","article-title":"A review on coronary artery disease, its risk factors, and therapeutics","volume":"234","author":"Malakar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8295054","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8295054","article-title":"Burden of coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease: a literature review","volume":"2019","author":"Bauersachs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.192218","article-title":"Definition and evaluation of transient ischemic attack: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American heart association\/American stroke association stroke council; council on cardiovascular surgery and anesthesia; council on cardiovascular radiology and intervention; council on cardiovascular nursing; and the interdisciplinary council on peripheral vascular disease. 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