{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:12:43Z","timestamp":1787026363188,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The left and right atria (LA, RA) work under different mechanical and metabolic environments that may cause an intrinsic inter-chamber diversity in structure and functional properties between atrial cardiomyocytes (CM) in norm and provoke their different responsiveness to pathological conditions. In this study, we assessed a LA vs. RA difference in CM contractility in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We investigated the contractile function of single isolated CM from LA and RA using a 7-day acetylcholine (ACh)-CaCl\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      AF model in rats. We compared auxotonic force, sarcomere length dynamics, cytosolic calcium ([Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ]\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      ) transients, intracellular ROS and NO production in LA and RA CM, and analyzed the phosphorylation levels of contractile proteins and actin-myosin interaction using an\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      motility assay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AF resulted in more prominent structural and functional changes in LA myocardium, reducing sarcomere shortening amplitude, and velocity of sarcomere relengthening in mechanically non-loaded LA CM, which was associated with the increased ROS production, decreased NO production, reduced myofibrillar content, and decreased phosphorylation of cardiac myosin binding protein C and troponin I. However, in mechanically loaded CM, AF depressed the auxotonic force amplitude and kinetics in RA CM, while force characteristics were preserved in LA CM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thus, inter-atrial differences are increased in paroxysmal AF and affected by the mechanical load that may contribute to the maintenance and progression of AF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1203093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T12:13:05Z","timestamp":1691410385000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The inter-chamber differences in the contractile function between left and right atrial cardiomyocytes in atrial fibrillation in 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