{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:27:37Z","timestamp":1790771257331,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation (STAR) is a potential new therapy for patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). The arrhythmogenic substrate (target) is synthesized from clinical and electro-anatomical information. This study was designed to evaluate the baseline interobserver variability in target delineation for STAR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Delineation software designed for research purposes was used. The study was split into three phases. Firstly, electrophysiologists delineated a well-defined structure in three patients (spinal canal). Secondly, observers delineated the VT-target in three patients based on case descriptions. To evaluate baseline performance, a basic workflow approach was used, no advanced techniques were allowed. Thirdly, observers delineated three predefined segments from the 17-segment model. Interobserver variability was evaluated by assessing volumes, variation in distance to the median volume expressed by the root-mean-square of the standard deviation (RMS-SD) over the target volume, and the Dice-coefficient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten electrophysiologists completed the study. For the first phase interobserver variability was low as indicated by low variation in distance to the median volume (RMS-SD range: 0.02\u20130.02\u2005cm) and high Dice-coefficients (mean: 0.97\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01). In the second phase distance to the median volume was large (RMS-SD range: 0.52\u20131.02\u2005cm) and the Dice-coefficients low (mean: 0.40\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15). In the third phase, similar results were observed (RMS-SD range: 0.51\u20131.55\u2005cm, Dice-coefficient mean: 0.31\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interobserver variability is high for manual delineation of the VT-target and ventricular segments. This evaluation of the baseline observer variation shows that there is a need for methods and tools to improve variability and allows for future comparison of interventions aiming to reduce observer variation, for STAR but possibly also for catheter ablation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1267800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T07:08:44Z","timestamp":1695280124000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Interobserver variability in target definition for stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Martijn H.","family":"van der Ree","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip S.","family":"Cuculich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"van Herk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey D.","family":"Hugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jippe C.","family":"Balt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Pruvot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Herrera-Siklody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiert F.","family":"Hoeksema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel J. 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