{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:51:32Z","timestamp":1775746292670,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Noncardiac anomalies (NCAs) in patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs) are crucial for perioperative management and etiology studies. This study aimed to investigate NCAs in Chinese children with CHDs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records for CHD-diagnosed children hospitalized from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019 were collected and subjected to retrospective analyses to excavate potential association rules between CHDs and noncardiac malformations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 3,788 CHD patients were included in this study. The main phenotypes of CHD were Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD, 33.69%), Atrial Septal Defect (ASD, 12.72%), and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF, 5.54%). A total of 887 (23.42%) cases showed noncardiac anomalies, which were mainly associated with the central nervous system (34.61%), nose\/ear\/mandibular\/face (19.39%), genitourinary system (15.78%), and musculoskeletal system (15.56%). Compared to other CHD subtypes, septal defects had a lower percentage of associated NCAs (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20093.7\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup>) while AVSD had a higher percentage (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.0018).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Disscussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>NCAs are prevalent among CHD-diagnosed children in China, and the spectrums of NCAs in different CHD subcategories were different.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1293210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T05:26:40Z","timestamp":1700458000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Noncardiac anomalies in children with congenital heart disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xianghui","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weicheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a036749","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a036749","article-title":"Genetic basis of human congenital heart disease","volume":"12","author":"Nees","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001978","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGEN.117.001978","article-title":"A screening approach to identify clinically actionable variants causing congenital heart disease in exome data","volume":"11","author":"Szot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Genom Precis Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.08.040","article-title":"Prevalence of congenital heart disease at live birth in China","volume":"204","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-4642(19)30402-x","article-title":"GBD 2017 Congenital Heart Disease Collaborators. 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