{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T12:40:28Z","timestamp":1766407228594,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries and entails high resources use and costs for health systems. The risk of suffering future cardiovascular (CV) events and the consequent resources use is higher in those patients who have already had a previous cardiovascular event. The objective of the study was to determine the average annual cost of patients with a new or recurrent atherosclerotic CV event during the 2 years after the event.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective observational study of electronic medical records of patients from the BIG-PAC\u00ae database (7 integrated health areas of 7 Autonomous Communities; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.8 million). Patients with a new or recurrent episode of ASCVD (angina, acute myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease) between 1-Jan-2017 and 31-Dec-2018 were included. The resources use within two years of the diagnosis was estimated in order to estimate the average cost of patient follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 26,976 patients with an ASCVD episode were identified during the recruitment period; Out of them, 6,798 had a recurrent event during the follow-up period and 2,414 died. The average costs per patient were \u20ac11,171 during the first year and \u20ac9,944 during the second year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with ASCVD represent a significant economic burden for the health system and for society. Despite the perception that drug costs in the follow-up of chronic patients imply a high percentage of the costs, these accounted for only one tenth of the total amount. Implementing preventive programs and increasing the control of cardiovascular risk factors may have a significant social and health impact by helping to reduce mortality and costs for the Spanish National Health System. The costs derived from pharmacological treatments were obtained from the NHS pricing nomenclator database (<jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.sanidad.gob.es\/profesionales\/nomenclator.do<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1324537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T05:06:30Z","timestamp":1709096790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Post-event follow-up costs in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Spain"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ic\u00edar","family":"Mart\u00ednez L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge Francisco","family":"G\u00f3mez Cerezo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"G\u00e1mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Egocheaga Cabello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Castellanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Campuzano Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivencio","family":"Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Pallar\u00e9s-Carratal\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Morant Talamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Parrondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Mostaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"year":"","key":"B1"},{"year":"","key":"B2"},{"year":"","key":"B3"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcy058","article-title":"Cardiovascular event rates in a high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk population: estimates from Swedish population-based register data","volume":"5","author":"Lindh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz962","article-title":"Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus statement from the European atherosclerosis society cConsensus panel","volume":"41","author":"Bor\u00e9n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"year":"","key":"B6"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice","volume":"42","author":"Visseren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2022.100393","article-title":"The burden of severe hypercholesterolemia and familial hypercholesterolemia in a population-based setting in the US","volume":"12","author":"Saadatagah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487315569401","article-title":"EUROASPIRE IV: a European society of cardiology survey on the lifestyle, risk factor and therapeutic management of coronary patients from 24 European countries","volume":"23","author":"Kotseva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.23938\/ASSN.0958","article-title":"Abordaje de la hipercolesterolemia en planes y estrategias de salud en espa\u00f1a: estado actual y propuestas de futuro","volume":"44","author":"Urtaran-Laresgoiti","year":"2021","journal-title":"An Sist Sanit Navar"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acuro.2022.02.002","article-title":"Incidencia, prevalencia y patrones de tratamiento del c\u00e1ncer de pr\u00f3stata metast\u00e1sico hormonosensible en espa\u00f1a: estudio ECHOS","volume":"46","author":"de Velasco Oria de Rueda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Actas Urol\u00f3gicas Espa\u00f1olas"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05828-9","article-title":"Costs and healthcare utilisation of patients with heart failure in Spain","volume":"20","author":"Escobar","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rec.2020.09.033","article-title":"Epidemiolog\u00eda y tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca en espa\u00f1a: estudio PATHWAYS-HF","volume":"75","author":"Sicras-Mainar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Cardiolog\u00eda"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2020.01.005","article-title":"Reducci\u00f3n del consumo de recursos sanitarios y costes asociado al tratamiento con la polip\u00edldora cnic comparado con los monocomponentes en Espa\u00f1a. Resultados del estudio NEPTUNO","volume":"74","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez Juanatey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2019.09.1764","article-title":"Validation and representativeness of the Spanish BIG-PAC database: integrated computerized medical records for research into epidemiology, medicines and health resource use (real word evidence)","volume":"22","author":"Sicras-Mainar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966049","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.966049","article-title":"Treatment patterns and use of healthcare resources of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and hypercholesterolemia and patients with familial hypercholesterolemia in Spain: protocol of the reality study","volume":"9","author":"Barrios","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"year":"","key":"B17"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2019.07.024","article-title":"Recomendaciones para mejorar el control lip\u00eddico. Documento de consenso de la sociedad espa\u00f1ola de cardiolog\u00eda","volume":"73","author":"Escobar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Cardiolog\u00eda"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"142","article-title":"Plan de atenci\u00f3n a los pacientes con ICTUS","volume":"1","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comunidad de Madrid."},{"key":"B20","first-page":"56","article-title":"C\u00f3digo infarto Madrid\u2014actualizaci\u00f3n c\u00f3digo infarto de la comunidad de Madrid","volume":"1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comunidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz425","article-title":"2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes","volume":"41","author":"Knuuti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455","article-title":"2019 ESC\/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk: the task force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European atherosclerosis society (EAS)","volume":"41","author":"Mach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"I-ii","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873221110378","article-title":"European Stroke organisation (ESO) guideline on pharmacological interventions for long-term secondary prevention after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack","volume":"7","author":"Dawson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2022.07.009","article-title":"Impact of a virtual lipid clinic on lipid-lowering therapy, LDL cholesterol levels, and outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2021.06.007","article-title":"Consulta virtual de l\u00edpidos despu\u00e9s de s\u00edndrome coronario agudo","volume":"75","author":"V\u00e1zquez Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Cardiolog\u00eda"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-016-0799-9","article-title":"Economic impact of patients admitted to stroke units in Spain","volume":"18","author":"Alvarez-Sab\u00edn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2022.2108794","article-title":"Burden of ischemic heart disease in Spain: incidence, hospital mortality and costs of hospital care","volume":"22","author":"Darb\u00e0","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3578","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-022-02187-1","article-title":"Achieving lower LDL-C levels after a recent myocardial infarction might be associated with lower healthcare resource use and costs in Spain","volume":"39","author":"Escobar-Cervantes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Ther"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1324537\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T05:06:37Z","timestamp":1709096797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1324537\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1324537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1324537","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2297-055X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"article-number":"1324537"}}