{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:50:36Z","timestamp":1769561436589,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Findings of eosinophilic and lymphomonocytic inflammatory infiltrates in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) may help in myocardial disease diagnosis identification. Eosinophilic myocarditis (EM), a rare condition, is fatal if left untreated and has rarely been described in heart transplant recipients. An extensive work up is necessary to achieve an early etiological diagnosis; however, the underlying cause remains unexplained in nearly one-third of the patients. The cornerstone of treatment is corticosteroids, comprehensive therapy and heart failure management (including advanced mechanical support for fulminant myocarditis). We have described the case of a 17-year-old heart transplant recipient who presented with a cardiogenic shock. He was admitted to our intensive care unit and treated with inotropic drugs, such as milrinone, adrenaline, vasopressin, and levosimendan; the doses of these drugs were in accordance with our internal protocol. The patient underwent cardiac catheterization, coronarography, and right ventricular EMB. EMB revealed inflammatory lymphomonocytic and eosinophil granulocyte infiltrates; thus, steroid therapy was initiated, with complete recovery achieved after 15 days. Performing an early differential diagnosis among eosinophilic infiltration, acute cellular rejection (ACR), and possible chemotherapeutic damage is emerging as an important challenge. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a lymphomonocytic inflammatory infiltration with numerous eosinophilic granulocytes in the interstitium in a surviving heart transplant recipient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1341426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T13:42:06Z","timestamp":1714657326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lymphomonocytic inflammatory infiltrate with numerous eosinophilic granulocytes in the interstitium in a surviving heart transplant recipient: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Placidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Francalanci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachele","family":"Adorisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Girardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Vinti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Panebianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micol","family":"Rebonato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Amodeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Grutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.09.023","article-title":"Eosinophilic myocarditis","volume":"70","author":"Brambatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht210","article-title":"Current state of knowledge and aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology working group del myocardial and pericardial diseases","volume":"34","author":"Caforio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"517","article-title":"Association between blood eosinophil counts and acute cardiac and pulmonary allograft rejection","volume":"17","author":"Trull","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-003-0721-0","article-title":"Changes in the peripheral eosinophil count in patients with acute eosinophilic myocarditis","volume":"18","author":"Morimoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2013.01.1052","article-title":"Hypersensitivity myocarditis and outcome after heart transplantation","volume":"32","author":"Yoshizawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000117973.88429.BB","article-title":"Eosinophilic myocarditis in the explanted hearts of cardiac transplant recipients: interesting pathologic finding or pathophysiologic entity of clinical significance?","volume":"32","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12937","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12937","article-title":"Sudden death in a pediatric heart transplant recipient with peripheral eosinophilia and eosinophilic myocardial infiltrates","volume":"21","author":"McEachren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2011.01.713","article-title":"A fatal case with eosinophilia after pediatric heart transplantation","volume":"30","author":"Conway","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2011.10.001","article-title":"2011 consensus statement on endomyocardial biopsy from the association for European Cardiovascular Pathology and the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"21","author":"Leone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Pathol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi411","article-title":"Favorable clinical outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock due to fulminant myocarditis supported by percutaneous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"26","author":"Asaumi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytaa444","article-title":"Fulminant eosinophilic myocarditis treated with steroids and mechanical unloading: a case report","volume":"4","author":"Balthazar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Case Rep"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1341426\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T13:42:09Z","timestamp":1714657329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1341426\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1341426"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1341426","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"article-number":"1341426"}}