{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:50:16Z","timestamp":1753890616634,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Qualitative myocardial perfusion (QMP) derived from myocardial contrast echocardiography reflects the capillary flow, while coronary flow velocity reserve from Doppler spectrum (D-CFVR) of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is used to assess coronary microvascular function, particularly after excluding severe epicardial coronary stenosis. The present study aimed to assess the relationship of QMP and D-CFVR in detecting coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) by using adenosine triphosphate stress myocardial contrast echocardiography (ATP stress MCE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy-two patients (mean age: 54.22\u2009\u00b1\u200912.78 years) with chest pain and &amp;lt;50% coronary stenosis diagnosed by quantitative coronary angiography or dual-source CT underwent ATP stress MCE. The distribution of myocardial perfusion and CFVR value was estimated by experienced physicians. Of the 72 LAD with 0%\u201350% diameter stenosis, 15 (21%) exhibited abnormal CFVR and 31 (43%) displayed abnormal perfusion with ATP stress MCE. Eleven of the 15 LAD territories (73%) with abnormal CFVR values showed abnormal perfusion. However, CFVR was considered normal in 20 LAD territories (35%), despite the presence of perfusion defect in the territory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abnormal myocardial perfusion during ATP stress MCE was found in a sizable percentage of patients in whom CFVR of the supplying vessel was considered normal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1353736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T04:40:40Z","timestamp":1727066440000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative study of myocardial perfusion and coronary flow velocity reserve derived from adenosine triphosphate stress myocardial contrast echocardiography in coronary lesions with no\/mild stenosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xuebing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingguo","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaohuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-022-02974-x","article-title":"Definition and epidemiology of coronary microvascular disease","volume":"29","author":"Bradley","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112148-20200409-00298","article-title":"Related risk factors of PET\/CT detected coronary microvascular disease in patients with chest pain and no obstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhong hua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112148-20211012-00876","article-title":"Deepening the investigations on coronary microvascular disease","volume":"49","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhong hua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa503","article-title":"An EAPCI expert consensus document on ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries in collaboration with European society of cardiology working group on coronary pathophysiology & microcirculation endorsed by coronary vasomotor disorders international study group","volume":"41","author":"Kunadian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15990","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015990","article-title":"Microcirculation function assessed by adenosine triphosphate stress myocardial contrast echocardiography and prognosis in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"98","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jep084","article-title":"Quantitative myocardial contrast echocardiography during pharmacological stress for diagnosis of coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"10","author":"Abdelmoneim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.09.003","article-title":"Detection of coronary artery disease by combined assessment of wall motion, myocardial perfusion and coronary flow reserve: a multiparametric contrast stress-echocardiography study","volume":"23","author":"Gaibazzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.07.011","article-title":"In women with symptoms of cardiac ischemia, nonobstructive coronary arteries, and microvascular dysfunction, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition is associated with improved microvascular function: a double-blind randomized study from the national heart, lung and blood institute women\u2019s ischemia syndrome evaluation (WISE)","volume":"162","author":"Pauly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2019.03.001","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction by myocardial contrast echocardiography in nonelderly patients referred for computed tomographic coronary angiography","volume":"32","author":"Taqui","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnm.IJNM_90_19","article-title":"Myocardial perfusion imaging: a brief review of nuclear and nonnuclear techniques and comparative evaluation of recent advances","volume":"34","author":"Ora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Nucl Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-017-4536-7","article-title":"Contrast echocardiography for detection of myocardial perfusion abnormalities: a clinical perspective. Kontrastechokardiographie zur erkennung von auff\u00e4lligkeiten der myokardperfusion: eine klinische sichtweise","volume":"42","author":"Karogiannis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.01.064","article-title":"Relation between the assessment of microvascular injury by cardiovascular magnetic resonance and coronary Doppler flow velocity measurements in patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction","volume":"51","author":"Hirsch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612824666180702115432","article-title":"Assessment of coronary microcirculation with myocardial contrast echocardiography","volume":"24","author":"Danijela","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"331","article-title":"The evaluative value of adenosine triphosphate stress 99m tc-MIBI gated myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with cardiac syndrome X","volume":"5","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin Circ J"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-015-0682-9","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction, microvascular angina, and management","volume":"18","author":"L\u00f6ffler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJY20M07_01","article-title":"An EAPCI expert consensus document on ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries in collaboration with European society of cardiology working group on coronary pathophysiology & microcirculation endorsed by coronary vasomotor disorders international study group","volume":"16","author":"Kunadian","year":"2021","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e023207","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023207","article-title":"Prevalence of coronary microvascular disease and coronary vasospasm in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Mileva","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3322","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy267;","article-title":"The performance of non-invasive tests to rule-in and rule-out significant coronary artery stenosis in patients with stable angina: a meta-analysis focused on post-test disease probability","volume":"39","author":"Knuuti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068","article-title":"International standardization of diagnostic criteria for microvascular angina","volume":"250","author":"Ong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa503;","article-title":"An EAPCI expert consensus document on ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries in collaboration with European society of cardiology working group on coronary pathophysiology & microcirculation endorsed by coronary vasomotor disorders international study group","volume":"41","author":"Kunadian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.03.016","article-title":"Coronary flow reserve is impaired in patients with slow coronary flow","volume":"191","author":"Erdogan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0221918","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221918","article-title":"Anxiety and depression relationship with coronary slow flow","volume":"14","author":"Elamragy","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-20-2271","article-title":"A preliminary study of MMP-9 and sCD40l in patients with coronary slow flow","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.06.010]","article-title":"The \u201cslow coronary flow\u201d phenomenon: evidence of preserved coronary flow reserve despite increased resting microvascular resistances","volume":"127","author":"Fineschi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e027664","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.027664","article-title":"Coronary slow flow is not diagnostic of microvascular dysfunction in patients with angina and unobstructed coronary arteries","volume":"12","author":"Dutta","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.042","article-title":"Coronary microvascular disease pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic options: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"72","author":"Taqueti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12092173","article-title":"Hidden coronary atherosclerosis assessment but not coronary flow reserve helps to explain the slow coronary flow phenomenon in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries","volume":"12","author":"Caiati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186983","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1186983","article-title":"Accelerated stenotic flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery explains the causes of impaired coronary flow reserve: an integrated transthoracic enhanced Doppler study","volume":"10","author":"Caiati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13040670","article-title":"Heart rate lowering significantly increases feasibility in Doppler recording blood flow velocity in coronaries during transthoracic Doppler echocardiography","volume":"13","author":"Caiati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1353736\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T16:04:06Z","timestamp":1728403446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1353736\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1353736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1353736","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2297-055X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"article-number":"1353736"}}