{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:47:34Z","timestamp":1792154854612,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The long-term impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has not been thoroughly investigated yet. This study aimed to assess the long-term impact of T2DM after AMI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research design and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed the data of three nationwide observational studies from the French Registry of Acute ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI) program, conducted over a 1-month period in 2005, 2010, and 2015. Patients presenting T2DM were classified as diabetic, and patients presenting type 1 diabetes mellitus were excluded. We identified factors related to all-cause death at 1-year follow-up and divided 1,897 subjects into two groups, paired based on their estimated 1-year probability of death as determined by a logistic regression model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 9,181 AMI patients were included in the analysis, among them 2,038 (22.2%) had T2DM. Patients with diabetes were significantly older (68.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.0 vs. 63.8\u2009\u00b1\u200914.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and had a higher prevalence of a prior history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), or heart failure (22.5% vs. 13.0%, 7.1% vs. 3.1% and 6.7 vs. 3.8% respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001 for all). Even after matching two groups of 1,897 patients based on propensity score for their 1-year probability of death, diabetes remained associated with long-term mortality, with an HR of 1.30, 95%CI (1.17\u20131.45), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>T2DM <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic> has an adverse impact on long-term survival after myocardial infarction. Independently of the risk of short-term mortality, patients with diabetes who survived an AMI have a 30% higher risk of long-term mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1401569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T15:23:58Z","timestamp":1718205838000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Type 2 diabetes mellitus in acute myocardial infarction: a persistent significant burden on long-term mortality"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Bouisset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Bataille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Schiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Puymirat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Fayol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabassome","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Danchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Ferri\u00e8res","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.14.1884","article-title":"Lifetime risk for diabetes mellitus in the United States","volume":"290","author":"Narayan","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.11.1145","article-title":"Associations of diabetes mellitus with total life expectancy and life expectancy with and without cardiovascular disease","volume":"167","author":"Franco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807233390404","article-title":"Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction","volume":"339","author":"Haffner","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.9.1014","article-title":"Impact of diabetes on long-term prognosis in patients with unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: results of the OASIS (organization to assess strategies for ischemic syndromes) registry","volume":"102","author":"Malmberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.7.765","article-title":"Diabetes and mortality following acute coronary syndromes","volume":"298","author":"Donahoe","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01360-2","article-title":"Long-term intervention with pravastatin in ischemic disease, long-term risk stratification for survivors of acute coronary syndromes. 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