{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:43:17Z","timestamp":1790016197229,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardio Vascular risk prevention in Germany has a gap between the ages of 20 and 30 years. We established a program for risk group identification in students and analyzed the screenings according to the ACCF\/AHA Stages and NYHA functional classification. In a cross-sectional design, 596 participants completed a sports medical and motor performance check-up. We found 6% of the female subgroup in an underweight status. Low blood pressure in 5% of the male and 10% of the female group. Elevated blood pressure in 27% of the male and 12% of the female subgroup. According to ACCF\/AHA classification, a percentage of 25.7% were clustered in Stage A, defined as having a high risk for heart failure (HF). Stage B consisted of participants with structural heart disease but without symptoms of HF, the prevalence of this group was 3.2%. In Stage C we assigned 0.7%, respectively four participants, with structural heart disease and prior symptoms (NYHA Stage C1 and C2). Screenings sensitize CV risk factors and detect HF risks at an early age; for freshmen at universities it seems to be the perfect time and place for secondary prevention. The gap in risk prevention can be closed, at least for students, who are an economically important target group. Moreover, we found a higher prevalence of Stage C in the sports-related study population compared to other studies. The risk for HF could be elevated in sports-related faculties. The high prevalence of underweight participants, especially in the female subgroup could also be a specific problem in sports-related groups. Even if not related to CV risks, the awareness of being underweight in combination with offers for a lifestyle change can prevent risks in the future. The same applies to low blood pressure in the female subgroup.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1428457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T06:43:30Z","timestamp":1732689810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["TUM4Health, a holistic student health promotion program. Screening of cardiovascular risk factors in university students"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Klaus Christian","family":"Haggenm\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Reiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate Maria","family":"Oberhoffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Weil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Anzahl der Todesf\u00e4lle Nach den H\u00e4ufigsten Todesursachen in Deutschland in den Jahren 2019 bis 2021","year":"2024"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"34. Deutscher Herzbericht","year":"2022"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Childhood and Society","author":"Erikson","year":"1986"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Teilnahme an der Jugendgesundheitsuntersuchung J1 in der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV)\u2014update f\u00fcr den Zeitraum 2009 bis 2014 (Versorgungsatlas, Berlin)","author":"Schulz","year":"2016"},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"Durchschnittsalter der Studienanf\u00e4nger:innen im Ersten Hochschulsemester in Deutschland von 1995 bis 2021","year":"2022"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487320922636","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of the precursor stages of heart failure: results from the population-based STAAB cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Morbach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487315594087","article-title":"Data from a nationwide registry on sports-related sudden cardiac deaths in Germany","volume":"23","author":"Bohm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac172","article-title":"Sports-related sudden cardiac arrest in young adults","volume":"25","author":"Bohm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.04.046","article-title":"Lifestyle indices and cardiovascular disease risk: a meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Barbaresko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20906","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0905307106","article-title":"Cardiovascular fitness is associated with cognition in young adulthood","volume":"106","author":"Aberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12278","article-title":"Physical fitness and academic performance in middle school students","volume":"102","author":"Bass","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14750","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192214750","article-title":"Relationship between physical fitness and academic performance in university students","volume":"19","author":"Redondo-Fl\u00f3rez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.019","article-title":"2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure","volume":"62","author":"Yancy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"523","article-title":"The usefulness of InBody 720 and anthropometric measurement compared with dual- energy x-ray absorptiometry as a diagnostic tool of childhood obesity","volume":"28","author":"Cho","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Korean Acad Fam Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/MBP.0b013e328338892f","article-title":"Validation of the mobil-o-graph: 24h-blood pressure measurement device","volume":"15","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Press Monit"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2019.05.003","article-title":"Blood pressure and the new ACC\/AHA hypertension guidelines","volume":"30","author":"Flack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20220934","DOI":"10.36660\/abc.20220934","article-title":"Velocidade de onda de pulso de 8,2m\/s como limiar associado \u00e0 presen\u00e7a de les\u00e3o de \u00f3rg\u00e3o alvo cardiovascular","volume":"120","author":"Inuzuka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-022-00784-9","article-title":"A new and specific automated blood pressure device for exercise stress testing","volume":"37","author":"McLaurin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0398-6.00013-5","article-title":"Electrocardiography","volume-title":"Braunwald\u2019s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine","author":"Mirvis","year":"2012"},{"key":"B20","first-page":"254","article-title":"25 Normalwerte, referenzwerte und formeln","volume-title":"Handbuch der Echokardiografie (6., Aktualisierte und Erweiterte Auflage)","author":"Wilkenshoff","year":"2017"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1183\/09041950.005s1693","article-title":"Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows","volume":"6","author":"Quanjer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B22","first-page":"799","article-title":"Die bedeutung des tiffeneautestes f\u00fcr die praxis [significance of the tiffeneau test in medical practice]","volume":"51","author":"Blumenthal","year":"1957","journal-title":"Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena)"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-96034-5_161","article-title":"Beitrag zum obstruktiven syndrom der luftwege","volume-title":"Zweiundsiebzigster Kongress; Gehalten Zu Wiesbaden Vom 18","author":"Schaub","year":"1967"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1344331","article-title":"Empfehlungen aktueller referenzwerte f\u00fcr die spirometrie und ganzk\u00f6rperplethysmografie","volume":"67","author":"Baur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2019.01.009","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary exercise testing-a beginner\u2019s guide to the nine-panel plot","volume":"19","author":"Chambers","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJA Educ."},{"key":"B26","volume-title":"Exercise: Basic and Applied Science","author":"Garrett","year":"1999"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444300635","volume-title":"Olympic Textbook of Medicine in Sport. Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine: V. 14","author":"Schwellnus","year":"2008"},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"Referenzwerte-Tool: Individualisierte Referenzwertetabellen\u2014Auf Einen Blick mit Einem Klick","year":"2024"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00847-9","article-title":"Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2020","volume":"400","author":"Gakidou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.4.1146","article-title":"Office spirometry for lung health assessment in adults","volume":"117","author":"Ferguson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000901","article-title":"Physical activity, fitness, cognitive function, and academic achievement in children","volume":"48","author":"Donnelly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exercise"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030755","article-title":"Reference values for skeletal muscle mass\u2014current concepts and methodological considerations","volume":"12","author":"Walowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-371","article-title":"Mortality risk associated with underweight: a census-linked cohort of 31,578 individuals with up to 32 years of follow-up","volume":"14","author":"Roh","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1515\/pubhef-2020-0077","article-title":"Essst\u00f6rungen bei studierenden der sport- und gesundheitswissenschaften","volume":"28","author":"Olson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Forum"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-932601","article-title":"Der body-mass-index (BMI)\u2014ein wichtiger parameter zur beurteilung des ern\u00e4hrungszustands","volume":"31","author":"Volkert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aktuelle Ern\u00e4hrungsmedizin"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht565","article-title":"Central blood pressure: current evidence and clinical importance","volume":"35","author":"McEniery","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.08.012","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary exercise testing","volume":"70","author":"Guazzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.5604\/20831862.913076","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk in students with different level of aerobic capacity","volume":"27","author":"Mazurek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669335","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.669335","article-title":"Left ventricular remodeling and myocardial work: results from the population-based STAAB cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Sahiti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B40","volume-title":"Leistungsdiagnostische Testverfahren im Fu\u00dfball\u2014Methodische Standards","author":"Faude","year":"2010"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-020-03093-z","article-title":"Die Basiserhebung der NAKO gesundheitsstudie: teilnahme an den untersuchungsmodulen, qualit\u00e4tssicherung und nutzung von sekund\u00e4rdaten","volume":"63","author":"Schipf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz"},{"key":"B42","volume-title":"Das Deutsche Sportabzeichen","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1428457\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T14:49:57Z","timestamp":1738075797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1428457\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1428457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1428457","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"article-number":"1428457"}}