{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:18:38Z","timestamp":1793305118848,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple studies have shown that finerenone (BAY 94-8862), a third-generation non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA), possesses different or superior mechanisms of action to traditional MRAs. Specifically, animal and cell-based experiments have demonstrated that this compound exerts multiple effects including fibrosis inhibition, reduced pulmonary artery pressure, improved diabetic retinopathy, enhanced endothelial functions, metabolic optimization as well as reduced oxidative stress, thereby exerting overall positive effects on renal and cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, clinical research, such as the FIGARO-DKD and FIDELIO-DKD trials, has demonstrated dual benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (T2DM-CKD), especially by validating MRAs\u2019 potential in reducing risks of renal and cardiovascular composite endpoints. Currently, cardiovascular indications for finerenone are limited to patients with T2DM-CKD, while its use in non-T2DM CKD patients remains at clinical trial stages. Despite showing good safety and efficacy in T2DM-CKD patients, there are insufficient corresponding data for those presenting chronic kidney disease without diabetes (ndCKD). Furthermore, the application of this compound in diseases such as primary aldosteronism and its association with cancer risk need to be further validated through larger-scale and longer-term clinical studies. Nevertheless, the development of finerenone provides an additional option for treating cardiovascular and renal diseases. With further research, it is expected that finerenone will be relevant to a broader range of CKD patient populations by addressing current knowledge gaps to comprehensively evaluate its clinical value and potentially alter existing treatment strategies. The current review aims to comprehensively analyze the basic research and clinical advancements involving finerenone in order to explore its prospects for treating cardiovascular and renal diseases, while addressing unmet needs in current treatment strategies. Additionally, through a comprehensive analysis of relevant research findings, a deeper understanding of finerenone's drug characteristics will be provided alongside scientific guidance for future treatment strategies and their clinical significance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1476029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:41:08Z","timestamp":1727052068000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A comprehensive review of finerenone\u2014a third-generation non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shuhui","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baisheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qini","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H958","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00723.2018","article-title":"The renin-angiotensin system: going beyond the classical paradigms","volume":"316","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.06.025","article-title":"Molecular pharmacology of the mineralocorticoid receptor: prospects for novel therapeutics","volume":"350","author":"Kolkhof","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2016_76","article-title":"Steroidal and novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in heart failure and cardiorenal diseases: comparison at bench and bedside","volume":"243","author":"Kolkhof","year":"2017","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e895","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001063","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"145","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-020-01399-7","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: a comprehensive review of finerenone","volume":"22","author":"Rico-Mesa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2015.1059819","article-title":"Finerenone: third-generation mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist for the treatment of heart failure and diabetic kidney disease","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115661","article-title":"Finerenone protects against progression of kidney and cardiovascular damage in a model of type 1 diabetes through modulation of proinflammatory and osteogenic factors","volume":"168","author":"Sanz-G\u00f3mez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2015.119","article-title":"Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Takahashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2022.1629","article-title":"Renal protection of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, finerenone, in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10360","article-title":"Selective mineralocorticoid receptor cofactor modulation as molecular basis for finerenone\u2019s antifibrotic activity","volume":"71","author":"Grune","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.04.079","article-title":"Finerenone reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"78","author":"Filippatos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06709","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle mineralocorticoid receptor contributes to coronary and left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction","volume":"67","author":"Gueret","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19207","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism by finerenone attenuates established pulmonary hypertension in rats","volume":"79","author":"Tu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032334","article-title":"Finerenone, a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, reduces vascular injury and increases regulatory T-cells: studies in rodents with diabetic and neovascular retinopathy","volume":"24","author":"Jerome","year":"2023","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102946","article-title":"Non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction via PI3K\/akt\/eNOS signaling pathway in diabetic tubulopathy","volume":"68","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08526","article-title":"Nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone protects against acute kidney injury\u2013mediated chronic kidney disease: role of oxidative stress","volume":"69","author":"Lattenist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12450","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000164R","article-title":"The novel non-steroidal MR antagonist finerenone improves metabolic parameters in high-fat diet-fed mice and activates brown adipose tissue via AMPK-ATGL pathway","volume":"34","author":"Marzolla","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001186","article-title":"A synopsis of the evidence for the science and clinical management of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"148","author":"Ndumele","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2025845","article-title":"Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Bakris","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110956","article-title":"Cardiovascular events with finerenone in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"385","author":"Pitt","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab777","article-title":"Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis","volume":"43","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht187","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of the novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist BAY 94-8862 in patients with chronic heart failure and mild or moderate chronic kidney disease: a randomized, double-blind trial","volume":"34","author":"Pitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw132","article-title":"A randomized controlled study of finerenone vs. eplerenone in patients with worsening chronic heart failure and diabetes mellitus and\/or chronic kidney disease","volume":"37","author":"Filippatos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10081","article-title":"Effect of finerenone on albuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"314","author":"Bakris","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2007.13.s8-b.9","article-title":"The renin-angiotensin aldosterone system: pathophysiological role and pharmacologic inhibition","volume":"13","author":"Atlas","year":"2007","journal-title":"JMCP"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2014.05.014","article-title":"Physiology: hemodynamics, endothelial function, renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system","volume":"8","author":"Navar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.07.091","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS): the ubiquitous system for homeostasis and pathologies","volume":"94","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000091","article-title":"Finerenone, a novel selective nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist protects from rat cardiorenal injury","volume":"64","author":"Kolkhof","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2008.02.025","article-title":"The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"5","author":"Iravanian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04415.x","article-title":"The pathophysiology of aldosterone in the cardiovascular system","volume":"970","author":"Rocha","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-008-0616-0","article-title":"Actions of aldosterone in the cardiovascular system: the good, the bad, and the ugly?","volume":"458","author":"Gekle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45241","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.45241","article-title":"Impact of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in the treatment of heart failure: targeting the heart failure cascade","volume":"15","author":"Jadhav","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24031922","article-title":"Potential impact of non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in cardiovascular disease","volume":"24","author":"Rahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad195","article-title":"2023 focused update of the 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"44","author":"McDonagh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad192","article-title":"2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes","volume":"44","author":"Marx","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201200081","article-title":"Discovery of BAY 94-8862: a nonsteroidal antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor for the treatment of cardiorenal diseases","volume":"7","author":"B\u00e4rfacker","year":"2012","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21314","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202002043RR","article-title":"Antagonistic effects of finerenone and spironolactone on the aldosterone-regulated transcriptome of human kidney cells","volume":"35","author":"Billan","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s40119-022-00269-3","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with finerenone, a selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist","volume":"11","author":"Palanisamy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiol Ther"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21876","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.657957","article-title":"Finerenone impedes aldosterone-dependent nuclear import of the mineralocorticoid receptor and prevents genomic recruitment of steroid receptor coactivator-1","volume":"290","author":"Amazit","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa736","article-title":"Steroidal and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in cardiorenal medicine","volume":"42","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04488","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor activation and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment in cardiac and renal diseases","volume":"65","author":"Bauersachs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12170","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of the novel, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone \u2013 results from first-in-man and relative bioavailability studies","volume":"30","author":"Lentini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083337","article-title":"Biotransformation of finerenone, a novel nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, in dogs, rats, and humans, in vivo and in vitro","volume":"46","author":"Gerisch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000340","article-title":"Nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid antagonists in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"26","author":"Dojki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.10.007","article-title":"The past, present and future of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibition","volume":"167","author":"Mentz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"T125","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-16-0600","article-title":"30 years of the mineralocorticoid receptor: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: 60 years of research and development","volume":"234","author":"Kolkhof","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000193502.77417.17","article-title":"Mechanisms of mineralocorticoid action","volume":"46","author":"Fuller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2469","article-title":"Finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes with and without heart failure: a prespecified subgroup analysis of the FIDELIO-DKD trial","volume":"24","author":"Filippatos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-021-00490-8","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in diabetic kidney disease - mechanistic and therapeutic effects","volume":"18","author":"Barrera-Chimal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2009","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: a translational appraisal","volume":"91","author":"Schotten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr266","article-title":"Aldosterone promotes atrial fibrillation","volume":"33","author":"Reil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6656","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.519256","article-title":"The mineralocorticoid receptor promotes fibrotic remodeling in atrial fibrillation","volume":"289","author":"Lavall","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.09.045","article-title":"Increased expression of mineralocorticoid receptor in human atrial fibrillation and a cellular model of atrial fibrillation","volume":"55","author":"Tsai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.07.001","article-title":"The non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone prevents cardiac fibrotic remodeling","volume":"168","author":"Lavall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14915","article-title":"Effect of finerenone on the occurrence of vision-threatening complications in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: pooled analysis of two studies using routine ophthalmological examinations from clinical trial participants (ReFineDR\/DeFineDR)","volume":"25","author":"Rossing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.12.016","article-title":"The myeloid mineralocorticoid receptor controls inflammatory and fibrotic responses after renal injury via macrophage interleukin-4 receptor signaling","volume":"93","author":"Barrera-Chimal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-060821-013950","article-title":"Roles of mineralocorticoid receptors in cardiovascular and cardiorenal diseases","volume":"84","author":"Barrera-Chimal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.02.030","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and kidney diseases: pathophysiological basis","volume":"96","author":"Barrera-Chimal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17263","article-title":"Activation of Rac1-mineralocorticoid receptor pathway contributes to renal injury in salt-loaded db\/db mice","volume":"78","author":"Hirohama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01131","article-title":"Finerenone attenuates endothelial dysfunction and albuminuria in a chronic kidney disease model by a reduction in oxidative stress","volume":"9","author":"Kreutz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17040418","article-title":"Finerenone: from the mechanism of action to clinical use in kidney disease","volume":"17","author":"Piko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.2337\/dci22-0027","article-title":"Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO)","volume":"45","author":"de Boer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"383","author":"Heerspink","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-021-00393-8","article-title":"Pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease: impact of SGLT2 inhibitors","volume":"17","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2397","article-title":"Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors as an early, first-line therapy in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"24","author":"Tomasoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3686","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad522","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in heart failure: a meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Banerjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2021070942","article-title":"Hyperkalemia risk with finerenone: results from the FIDELIO-DKD trial","volume":"33","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"JASN"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067584","article-title":"Estimated lifetime cardiovascular, kidney, and mortality benefits of combination treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and nonsteroidal MRA compared with conventional care in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria","volume":"149","author":"Neuen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0294","article-title":"Finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor treatment: the FIDELITY analysis","volume":"45","author":"Rossing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001184","article-title":"Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"148","author":"Ndumele","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.218","article-title":"Rationale and design of MinerAlocorticoid receptor antagonist tolerability study-heart failure (ARTS-HF): a randomized study of finerenone vs. eplerenone in patients who have worsening chronic heart failure with diabetes and\/or chronic kidney disease","volume":"17","author":"Pitt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1159\/000371497","article-title":"Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of ARTS-DN: a randomized study to assess the safety and efficacy of finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a clinical diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"40","author":"Ruilope","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057983","article-title":"Finerenone reduces risk of incident heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: analyses from the FIGARO-DKD trial","volume":"145","author":"Filippatos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4789","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab725","article-title":"FIGARO-DKD adds new evidence to the cardiovascular benefits of finerenone across the spectrum of patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease","volume":"42","author":"Liuzzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfac157","article-title":"Kidney outcomes with finerenone: an analysis from the FIGARO-DKD study","volume":"38","author":"Ruilope","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.08.040","article-title":"A prespecified exploratory analysis from FIDELITY examined finerenone use and kidney outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"103","author":"Bakris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320603","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1320603","article-title":"Overview of the safety, efficiency, and potential mechanisms of finerenone for diabetic kidney diseases","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2171110","article-title":"Cardiorenal benefits of finerenone: protecting kidney and heart","volume":"55","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Juanatey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105859","article-title":"Nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism for cardiovascular and renal disorders - new perspectives for combination therapy","volume":"172","author":"Kolkhof","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.02.121","article-title":"WCN24-933 effectiveness and safety of finerenone in Chinese CKD patients without diabetes mellitus: a real-world retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae132","article-title":"Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone, in addition to standard of care, on the progression of kidney disease in patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (FIND-CKD) randomized trial","author":"Heerspink","year":"","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"B83","volume-title":"A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Phase 3 Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of FInerenone, in Addition to Standard of Care, on the Progression of Kidney Disease in Patients With Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease","year":"2024"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2931","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac299","article-title":"Non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in cardiorenal disease","volume":"43","author":"Pandey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110908","article-title":"Rationale and design of a randomised phase III registration trial investigating finerenone in participants with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FINE-ONE trial","volume":"204","author":"Heerspink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4135","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15773","article-title":"The potential role of finerenone in patients with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease","volume":"26","author":"Vasco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0382-4","article-title":"Pathogenesis and treatment of primary aldosteronism","volume":"16","author":"Zennaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22642","article-title":"Clinical management of primary aldosteronism: an update","volume":"81","author":"Rossi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B89","article-title":"Study Details | Efficacy and Safety of Finerenone in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism.","year":""},{"key":"B90","article-title":"Study Details | Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Finerenone and Spironolactone in the Treatment of Primary Aldosteronism.","year":""},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15387","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: insights based on FIGARO-DKD and FIDELIO-DKD","volume":"26","author":"Eissing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237583","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1237583","article-title":"Tumor risks of finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"14","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125693","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1125693","article-title":"Cardiovascular-renal protective effect and molecular mechanism of finerenone in type 2 diabetic mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2022.09.008","article-title":"High- versus low-dose losartan and serum potassium: an analysis from HEAAL","volume":"29","author":"Ferreira","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvad001","article-title":"Finerenone and effects on mortality in chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: a FIDELITY analysis","volume":"9","author":"Filippatos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"B96","volume-title":"A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Finerenone on Morbidity and Mortality in Participants With Heart Failure (NYHA II-IV) and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction","year":"2024"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3266","article-title":"Baseline characteristics of patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: the FINEARTS-HF trial","volume":"26","author":"Solomon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B98","article-title":"Announces Primary Endpoint Achieved in Phase III FINEARTS-HF Cardiovascular Outcomes Study Investigating KERENDIA\u00ae (finerenone) in Patients with Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction","year":"2024"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S219","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S011","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and risk management: standards of care in diabetes-2024","volume":"47","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112138-20220622-00472","article-title":"Multidisciplinary expert consensus for clinical application of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in China","volume":"61","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1476029\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:41:12Z","timestamp":1727052072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1476029\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"references-count":100,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1476029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1476029","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"article-number":"1476029"}}