{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:49:56Z","timestamp":1791848996568,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postoperative rehabilitation exercise training after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is crucial for coronary heart disease (CHD) patients in restoring health and preventing recurrence, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT). However, the impact of HIIT on cardiopulmonary function, gut microbiome and metabolite remains underexplored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 60 patients with CHD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Participants were divided into two groups: 33 in the moderate-intensity continuous training (MCT) group and 27 in the high-intensity interval training (HIIT) group. We assessed difference between two training in cardiopulmonary function, 6-minute walk test (6MWT) performance, biochemical indicators, plasma metabolites, and gut microbiome feature at baseline and after 3 months training. Furthermore, we analyzed 6MWT association to gut microbiome and metabolites with group differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 6MWT showed significantly greater improvement in the HIIT group compared to the MCT group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0024). Both groups showed reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and increases in peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) after training, but the HIIT group demonstrated a larger effect size in these measures. Moreover, subgroup analysis revealed that patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) in the HIIT group experienced a more substantial increase in VO2 peak compared to the MCT group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). In addition, we identified 29 gut microbial species and 30 plasma metabolites that were differentially enriched between the two groups, with some showing a significant impact on 6MWT performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>High-intensity interval training significantly improves 6MWT performance and exercise tolerance in cardiac rehabilitation patients, particularly enhancing VO2 peak in those with a history of MI. HIIT also appears to modulate the gut microbiome, increasing the abundance of <jats:italic>Clostridiales<\/jats:italic> and decreasing traumatic acid content, which may contribute to the observed improvements in exercise tolerance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1508456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T06:34:43Z","timestamp":1732775683000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of high-intensity intermittent rehabilitation training on physical function, gut microbiome and metabolite after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary heart 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