{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T19:41:05Z","timestamp":1780602065986,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies of patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) have reported worse clinical burden for female patients; whether this translates to an increase in healthcare resource use (HRU) and cost is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of sex on economic burden in symptomatic oHCM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical and pharmacy claims data were assessed from 2016 to 2021 to identify (ICD-10 code) adult patients with symptomatic oHCM in the United States. Generalized linear models were used to estimate HCM-related cost and generalized estimating equations for HRU [both reported as mean per-person-per-year (PPPY)] for healthcare categories: inpatient, outpatient, emergency room (ER), urgent care, and pharmacy. Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to compare differences in male and female patients with symptomatic HCM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 9,490 patients with symptomatic oHCM, 5,309 (55.9%) were female. Female patients were older (64\u2009\u00b1\u200913 vs. 59\u2009\u00b1\u200914), with a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (1.9 vs. 1.7) compared to males, respectively. After adjusting for patient characteristics, female patients had significantly greater number of HCM-related hospitalizations (0.24 vs. 0.20 PPPY, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0014), LOS (5.08 vs. 4.30 PPPY; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0235), number of outpatient visits (4.98 vs. 4.59 PPPY; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0387), and number of distinct drugs (0.59 vs. 0.55 PPPY; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0010), compared with males, respectively. In adjusted models, only HCM-related pharmacy costs were significant, with female patients having slightly higher costs compared to males ($70 vs. $61 PPPY; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0465). There were no significant differences in all-cause costs of care between male and female patients with oHCM.\u2009\u2009\u2009\u2009\u2009\u2009\u2009\u2009\u2009\u2009<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female patients with symptomatic oHCM experience greater rates of HCM-related and all-cause hospitalizations and number of prescriptions, and HCM-related length of stay, outpatient visits, and pharmacy costs compared to male patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1463439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T05:24:30Z","timestamp":1744003470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations of sex on economic burden in patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: results from medical and pharmacy claims data"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Butzner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanika","family":"Amonkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eros","family":"Papademetriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Potluri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu284","article-title":"2014 ESC guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the task force for the diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"35","author":"Elliott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.01.019","article-title":"New perspectives on the prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"65","author":"Semsarian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.92.4.785","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a general population of young adults. 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