{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:12:26Z","timestamp":1791911546310,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has gradually increased, and the investigation of the causal factors influencing etiopathogenesis is attracting attention. Several studies have highlighted that patients with PCOS exhibit an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with healthy people, and these risks include the occurrence of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. This correlation becomes particularly important when PCOS is diagnosed and consequently a specific treatment is recommended. Of note, women with PCOS may exhibit different pathological features even if quite often they are considered as a sole unique group of patients. Interestingly, the rate of CVD occurrence is differently linked to PCOS phenotypes. Data from literature demonstrate that CVD risks are strongly associated with those comorbidities frequently observed in PCOS, mainly metabolic alterations such as hypertension, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis, that predispose individuals to CVD and type 2 diabetes. Women presenting PCOS, particularly those with a hyperandrogenic pattern, seem more prone to develop CVD with respect to other PCOS patients. This may be related to genetic factors, dyslipidemia, and hypertension combined with excessive androgen, which may explain the increased risk factor of CVD in patients with PCOS. On these premises, it becomes important to implement the therapeutic rationale and the risk assessment before treatment prescription and to encourage meticulous patient observation during medical examinations. This aspect becomes crucial particularly in adolescent patients, as in many cases, PCOS may be predictive of CVD occurrence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1520490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T05:33:09Z","timestamp":1756791189000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Women with PCOS have a heightened risk of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases: statement from the Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research and PCOS (EGOI-PCOS) and Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Geraci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"Riccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Gabrielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Furio","family":"Colivicchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Grimaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Facchinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Unfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319878371","article-title":"Diabetes as a cardiovascular risk factor: an overview of global trends of macro and micro vascular complications","volume":"26","author":"Dal Canto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B2","article-title":"Obesity and overweight 2024 [fact sheets]","year":""},{"key":"B3","article-title":"Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) 2021 [fact sheets]","year":""},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60101656","article-title":"The cardiometabolic risk in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): from pathophysiology to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"60","author":"Pililis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172750","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1172750","article-title":"The relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome and coronary heart disease: a bibliometric analysis","volume":"14","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1328878","article-title":"Obesity and PCOS: implications for diagnosis and treatment","volume":"30","author":"Legro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"B7","volume-title":"Cardiovascular Disease","author":"Olvera Lopez","year":"2024"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13376","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39451-5","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease behavioural risk factors in rural interventions: cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Akinosun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0305592","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305592","article-title":"Comparison of cardiovascular disease risk association with metabolic unhealthy obesity identified by body fat percentage and body mass index: results from the 1999\u20132020 national health and nutrition examination survey","volume":"19","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"389","article-title":"Managing cardiometabolic risk in primary care: summary of the 2011 consensus statement","volume":"58","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413106","DOI":"10.1080\/13814788.2024.2413106","article-title":"Preventing cardiovascular disease in at-risk patients: results of a pilot behavioural health programme in general practice","volume":"30","author":"Broughan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Gen Pract"},{"key":"B12","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome. 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