{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:47:07Z","timestamp":1792100827113,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty is the treatment of choice for critical pulmonary valve stenosis (CPS) and pulmonary valve atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA\/IVS) if the ventricle has a suitable size. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes and predictors for surgical intervention and pulmonary valve replacement in patients with CPS or with PA\/IVS after PBV, considering different morphological and hemodynamic parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neonates with PA\/IVS or CPS who were admitted to the University Medicine Mainz and University Hospital Erlangen between November 1994 and March 2013 and underwent successful PBV as an initial procedure, with a follow-up of at least 5 years (median 13.1 years), were included. The <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>-scores of pulmonary valve diameter, balloon\/annulus ratio, number of cusps, and persisting stenosis were analyzed. The endpoint was the need for surgical procedures or valve replacement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 62 neonates (median age at intervention 5 days) were included. Among them, 15 patients (24.2%) reached the endpoint. The mean time of freedom from surgery differed according to the number of cusps (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), pulmonary valve diameter <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>-scores (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04), and degree of persisting stenosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008), but did not differ according to the balloon\/annulus ratio (\u22641.2 vs. &amp;gt;1.2).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pulmonary valve perforation and PBV achieved favorable long-term outcomes in neonates with PA\/IVS and CPS. A small pulmonary valve diameter, reduced number of cusps, and persisting gradient of &amp;gt;40\u2005mmHg increased the risk for reduced time of freedom from surgical intervention and\/or pulmonary valve replacement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1527832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T15:13:17Z","timestamp":1741792397000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Predictors for long-term outcome of pulmonary valve perforation and balloon valvuloplasty in neonates with critical pulmonary valve stenosis or pulmonary valve atresia with intact ventricular septum"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tariq","family":"Abu-Tair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Willershausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Friedmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Rubarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Weigelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Dittrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Kampmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(02)01886-7","article-title":"The incidence of congenital heart disease","volume":"39","author":"Hoffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8183.2001.tb00343.x","article-title":"Critical pulmonary stenosis","volume":"14","author":"Latson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Interv Cardiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.251.16.2123","article-title":"Landmark article May 19, 1945: the surgical treatment of malformations of the heart in which there is pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia. 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