{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:50:02Z","timestamp":1790034602140,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heat therapy (HT), particularly in the form of whole-body sauna bathing, has emerged as a promising intervention for the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Passive HT can induce both local and systemic physiological responses, primarily through repeated thermal stress consisting of short-term passive exposure to high temperatures. Such responses closely parallel the physiological adaptations observed during aerobic exercise. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) poses significant health challenges, impacting millions of individuals worldwide. Supervised exercise is considered a cornerstone therapy for PAD, yet many patients face significant health-related barriers that complicate its broad implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature to explore the therapeutic implications of various HT practices beyond sauna. The review aimed to evaluate the potential use of these practices as adjunctive management strategies for cardiovascular diseases, particularly in patients with PAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent studies have demonstrated the potential role of HT in alleviating PAD symptoms, improving functional capacity, and reducing cardiovascular and limb events. HT practices might be beneficial as adjunctive management strategies, in addition to or as alternatives to exercise, for management of cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review highlights the potential benefits, underlying mechanisms of action, challenges, and safety considerations associated with HT. We emphasize the importance of exploring HT as a viable option for patients with cardiovascular conditions, particularly those with PAD, who face barriers to traditional exercise regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1537194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T06:38:54Z","timestamp":1741675134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sauna use as a novel management approach for cardiovascular health and peripheral arterial disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sergio","family":"Sastriques-Dunlop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Elizondo-Benedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Zayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.05.030","article-title":"Baseline functional performance predicts the rate of mobility loss in persons with peripheral arterial disease","volume":"50","author":"McDermott","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.09.063","article-title":"Associations of borderline and low normal ankle-brachial index values with functional decline at 5-year follow-up. The WALCS (walking and leg circulation study)","volume":"53","author":"McDermott","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318535","article-title":"Epidemiology of peripheral artery disease and polyvascular disease","volume":"128","author":"Aday","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.04.043","article-title":"Peripheral artery disease: past, present, and future","volume":"132","author":"Campia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.11.1317","article-title":"Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care","volume":"286","author":"Hirsch","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e686","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000470","article-title":"2016 AHA\/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"135","author":"Gerhard-Herman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e012541","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012541","article-title":"Adherence to guideline-recommended therapy\u2014including supervised exercise therapy referral\u2014across peripheral artery disease specialty clinics: insights from the international PORTRAIT registry","volume":"9","author":"Saxon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319846997","article-title":"Completion and adherence rates to exercise interventions in intermittent claudication: traditional exercise versus alternative exercise\u2014a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD000990","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000990.pub.4","article-title":"Exercise for intermittent claudication","volume":"12","author":"Lane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2018.04.018s","article-title":"The society for vascular surgery practice guidelines on follow-up after vascular surgery arterial procedures","volume":"68","author":"Zierler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.12.037","article-title":"Inter-society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II)","volume":"45","author":"Norgren","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.02.016","article-title":"Global vascular guidelines on the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia","volume":"69","author":"Conte","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951042","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.951042","article-title":"Objectively measured adherence to physical activity among patients with coronary artery disease: comparison of the 2010 and 2020 world health organization guidelines and daily steps","volume":"9","author":"Eser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02854-9","article-title":"Trends in adherence to recommended physical activity and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in US adults with cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2020.07.002","article-title":"Adherence and exercise mode in supervised exercise therapy for peripheral artery disease","volume":"38","author":"Elgersma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vasc Nurs"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e463","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174526","article-title":"ACC\/AHA 2005 practice guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American association for vascular surgery\/society for vascular surgery, society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, society for vascular medicine and biology, society of interventional radiology, and the ACC\/AHA task force on practice guidelines (writing committee to develop guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease): endorsed by the American association of cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation; national heart, lung, and blood institute; society for vascular nursing; TransAtlantic inter-society consensus; and vascular disease foundation","volume":"113","author":"Hirsch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111509","article-title":"Sauna use as a lifestyle practice to extend healthspan","volume":"154","author":"Patrick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.12.064","article-title":"Repeated sauna therapy improves myocardial perfusion in patients with chronically occluded coronary artery-related ischemia","volume":"167","author":"Sobajima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.8187","article-title":"Association between sauna bathing and fatal cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events","volume":"175","author":"Laukkanen","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23077","article-title":"Effects of sauna bath on heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"K\u00e4llstr\u00f6m","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R289","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00076.2022","article-title":"Effects of regular sauna bathing in conjunction with exercise on cardiovascular function: a multi-arm, randomized controlled trial","volume":"323","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H548","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00103.2011","article-title":"Repeated sauna therapy attenuates ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats by increasing coronary vascularity of noninfarcted myocardium","volume":"301","author":"Sobajima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00151.2019","article-title":"Heat therapy vs. supervised exercise therapy for peripheral arterial disease: a 12-wk randomized, controlled trial","volume":"316","author":"Akerman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00277.2020","article-title":"Leg heat therapy improves perceived physical function but does not enhance walking capacity or vascular function in patients with peripheral artery disease","volume":"129","author":"Monroe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-018-1259-5","article-title":"Far-infrared therapy improves ankle brachial index in hemodialysis patients with peripheral artery disease","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S1726-4901(09)70035-8","article-title":"Prognostic factors influencing the patency of hemodialysis vascular access: literature review and novel therapeutic modality by far infrared therapy","volume":"72","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1937","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005606","article-title":"Sauna bathing reduces the risk of stroke in Finnish men and women: a prospective cohort study","volume":"90","author":"Kunutsor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1159\/000493392","article-title":"Sauna bathing and risk of psychotic disorders: a prospective cohort study","volume":"27","author":"Laukkanen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw212","article-title":"Sauna bathing is inversely associated with dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease in middle-aged Finnish men","volume":"46","author":"Laukkanen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0311-6","article-title":"Sauna bathing reduces the risk of respiratory diseases: a long-term prospective cohort","volume":"32","author":"Kunutsor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2008.01.004","article-title":"Repeated waon therapy improves pulmonary hypertension during exercise in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"51","author":"Umehara","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.01.008","article-title":"Does the combination of finnish sauna bathing and other lifestyle factors confer additional health benefits? A review of the evidence","volume":"98","author":"Kunutsor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpx102","article-title":"Sauna bathing and incident hypertension: a prospective cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Zaccardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00544-z","article-title":"Sauna bathing reduces the risk of venous thromboembolism","volume":"34","author":"Kunutsor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.08.025","article-title":"Waon therapy improves peripheral arterial disease","volume":"50","author":"Tei","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110118","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(00)00671-9","article-title":"Benefits and risks of sauna bathing","volume":"110","author":"Hannuksela","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51764-x","article-title":"Facts and fables about sauna","volume":"813","author":"Kauppinen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.008","article-title":"Cardiovascular and other health benefits of sauna bathing: a review of the evidence","volume":"93","author":"Laukkanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.cj.09-0939","article-title":"Waon therapy for cardiovascular disease: innovative therapy for the 21st century","volume":"74","author":"Miyata","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-16-0051","article-title":"Waon therapy for managing chronic heart failure\u2014results from a multicenter prospective randomized WAON-CHF study","volume":"80","author":"Tei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjc.2008.07.009","article-title":"Beneficial effects of waon therapy on patients with chronic heart failure: results of a prospective multicenter study","volume":"52","author":"Miyata","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2021.1894067","article-title":"Hot head-out water immersion does not acutely alter dynamic cerebral autoregulation or cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia","volume":"8","author":"Worley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1676-5","article-title":"Effects of hyperthermic baths on depression, sleep and heart rate variability in patients with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical pilot trial","volume":"17","author":"Naumann","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-106899","article-title":"Repeated warm water immersion induces similar cerebrovascular adaptations to 8 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training in females","volume":"37","author":"Bailey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00424.2016","article-title":"Passive heat therapy improves cutaneous microvascular function in sedentary humans via improved nitric oxide-dependent dilation","volume":"121","author":"Brunt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5329","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272453","article-title":"Passive heat therapy improves endothelial function, arterial stiffness and blood pressure in sedentary humans","volume":"594","author":"Brunt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14503","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14503","article-title":"Hot water immersion: maintaining core body temperature above 38.5\u00b0C mitigates muscle fatigue","volume":"34","author":"Sautillet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00147.2016","article-title":"Thermotherapy reduces blood pressure and circulating endothelin-1 concentration and enhances leg blood flow in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease","volume":"311","author":"Neff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00383.2018","article-title":"Repeated exposure to heat stress induces mitochondrial adaptation in human skeletal muscle","volume":"125","author":"Hafen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"B50","first-page":"691","article-title":"Far-infrared saunas for treatment of cardiovascular risk factors: summary of published evidence","volume":"55","author":"Beever","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.5301\/jva.5000561","article-title":"An update of the effect of far infrared therapy on arteriovenous access in end-stage renal disease patients","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"B52","first-page":"160","article-title":"Finnish sauna and COVID-19","volume":"29","author":"Kunutsor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"B53","first-page":"75","article-title":"Sauna, shower, and ice water immersion. Physiological responses to brief exposures to heat, cool, and cold. Part III. Body temperatures","volume":"48","author":"Kauppinen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arctic Med Res"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1198","article-title":"Sauna bathing is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality and improves risk prediction in men and women: a prospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Laukkanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00115.2017","article-title":"Effects of heat and cold on health, with special reference to finish sauna bathing","volume":"314","author":"Heinonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.02.015","article-title":"Exercise, oxidants, and antioxidants change the shape of the bell-shaped hormesis curve","volume":"12","author":"Radak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00269.2011","article-title":"Local heating, but not indirect whole body heating, increases human skeletal muscle blood flow","volume":"111","author":"Heinonen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00141.2020","article-title":"Heat therapy: mechanistic underpinnings and applications to cardiovascular health","volume":"130","author":"Brunt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4831","DOI":"10.1113\/JP276559","article-title":"Passive heat therapy protects against endothelial cell hypoxia-reoxygenation via effects of elevations in temperature and circulating factors","volume":"596","author":"Brunt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00549.2018","article-title":"Heat therapy improves glucose tolerance and adipose tissue insulin signaling in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"317","author":"Ely","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01098.2018","article-title":"Daily heat treatment maintains mitochondrial function and attenuates atrophy in human skeletal muscle subjected to immobilization","volume":"127","author":"Paul Hafen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00242.2007","article-title":"Effect of heat acclimation on heat shock protein 72 and interleukin-10 in humans","volume":"103","author":"Yamada","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2015.1110655","article-title":"Insights into the role of heat shock protein 72 to whole-body heat acclimation in humans","volume":"2","author":"Amorim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Temperature (Austin)"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e161","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.161","article-title":"Heat shock proteins: biological functions, pathological roles, and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"3","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Comm"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00839","article-title":"Skeletal muscle signaling following whole-body and localized heat exposure in humans","volume":"11","author":"Ihsan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15200","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242015200","article-title":"Dysfunctional and dysregulated nitric oxide synthases in cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"24","author":"Roy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.65.434","article-title":"Repeated thermal therapy upregulates arterial endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in Syrian golden hamsters","volume":"65","author":"Ikeda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.69.722","article-title":"Repeated sauna therapy increases arterial endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in cardiomyopathic hamsters","volume":"69","author":"Ikeda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.201.08.004","article-title":"Waon therapy mobilizes CD34+ cells and improves peripheral arterial disease","volume":"56","author":"Shinsato","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"B70","first-page":"163","article-title":"Successful thermal therapy for end-stage peripheral artery disease","volume":"47","author":"Tei","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857413","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1857413","article-title":"Clinical effects of regular dry sauna bathing: a systematic review","volume":"2018","author":"Hussain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.037","article-title":"The hemodialysis access surveillance controversy continues","volume":"5","author":"Anvari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006050534","article-title":"Far-infrared therapy: a novel treatment to improve access blood flow and unassisted patency of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients","volume":"18","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1992.tb00938.x","article-title":"The sauna and the heart","volume":"231","author":"Luurila","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3402\/ijch\/v65i3.18102","article-title":"Health effects and risks of sauna bathing","volume":"65","author":"Kukkonen-Harjula","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Circumpolar Health"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det020","article-title":"Seminal and molecular evidence that sauna exposure affects human spermatogenesis","volume":"28","author":"Garolla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097914","article-title":"Heat stress and fetal risk. Environmental limits for exercise and passive heat stress during pregnancy: a systematic review with best evidence synthesis","volume":"53","author":"Ravanelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)90348-3","article-title":"Anencephaly and the sauna","volume":"311","author":"Rapola","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1537194\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T06:38:57Z","timestamp":1741675137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1537194\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1537194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1537194","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"article-number":"1537194"}}