{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T06:29:20Z","timestamp":1764052160545,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Catecholamine surge is considered the primary trigger of Takotsubo syndrome(TTS), but its pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Cases of TTS with intracardiac thrombus induced by thyrotoxicosis in the setting of high-altitude hypoxia are particularly rare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 65-year-old woman living at 3,200\u2005m was admitted with abdominal and chest pain. On admission, her BP was 108\/68\u2005mmHg, HR 135\u2005bpm, Temp 37.8\u00b0C, and SpO\u2082 95% on room air. Hemoglobin was 168\u2005g\/L, consistent with chronic high-altitude adaptation. Coronary angiography at the local hospital showed mild stenosis of the left anterior descending artery. She presented with tachycardia, marked ST-segment elevation, and elevated troponin T and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. The ST-segment elevation gradually resolved during hospitalization, arguing against acute myocardial infarction. However, markedly elevated thyroid hormone and thyrotropin receptor antibody levels were indicative of a thyroid storm. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed apical hypokinesia and ballooning accompanied by an apical thrombus. Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) indicated delayed and sparse perfusion in the apical segment, while Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ruled out remote myocardial injury. Mildly elevated myocardial enzymes and rapid resolution of ST-segment elevation supported the diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Thyrotoxicosis may have enhanced myocardial sensitivity to catecholamines, predisposing to stress-related injury. Chronic high-altitude hypoxia can further increase sympathetic activity and impair coronary microcirculation. The patient was treated with\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      -blockers, antithyroid agents, and anticoagulation, along with supportive therapy targeting oxidative stress, which was followed by regression of the apical thrombus and improvement in cardiac function.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combined effects of severe thyrotoxicosis and chronic high-altitude hypoxia may induce TTS and its related complications by enhancing sympathetic activity and catecholamine responsiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1574352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T06:25:48Z","timestamp":1764051948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Takotsubo syndrome with apical thrombosis associated with hyperthyroidism crisis: a case report from high-altitude Tibet"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jiaheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixue","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13189","article-title":"Abnormal thyroid function is common in takotsubo syndrome and depends on two distinct mechanisms: results of a multicentre observational study","volume":"289","author":"Aweimer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37396","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037396","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and scoring systems for thyroid storm: an evaluation of their utility\u2014comparative review","volume":"103","author":"Elendu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690693","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872620963493","article-title":"Primary and secondary takotsubo syndrome: pathophysiological determinant and prognosis","volume":"9","author":"Galiuto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-017-0465-z","article-title":"Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of takotsubo syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Y-Hassan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.424","article-title":"Current state of knowledge on takotsubo syndrome: a position statement from the taskforce on takotsubo syndrome of the heart failure association of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"18","author":"Lyon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/CP9.0000000000000094","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of takotsubo syndrome: a comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Shou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiology Plus"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2010.03.004","article-title":"Physiological adaptation of the cardiovascular system to high altitude","volume":"52","author":"Naeije","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.02.074","article-title":"Indications of beta-adrenoceptor blockers in takotsubo syndrome and theoretical reasons to prefer agents with vasodilating activity","volume":"333","author":"Aimo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2016.06.012","article-title":"The sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of takotsubo syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Wittstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Failure Clin"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.031765","article-title":"Sympathetic neural overactivity in healthy humans after prolonged exposure to hypobaric hypoxia","volume":"546","author":"Hansen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e019583","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019583","article-title":"Sex- and age-based temporal trends in takotsubo syndrome incidence in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Pattisapu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-016-0279-5","article-title":"The role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in takotsubo syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Pl\u00e1cido","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2014.080507","article-title":"The pulmonary vasculature\u2013lessons from Tibetans and from rare diseases of oxygen sensing","volume":"100","author":"Frise","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1574352\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T06:25:49Z","timestamp":1764051949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1574352\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1574352"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1574352","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"article-number":"1574352"}}