{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T15:55:34Z","timestamp":1783612534486,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertension is a major global health challenge affecting 1.3 billion adults, increasing risks of cardiovascular diseases, strokes, and kidney failure. Using data from a nationally representative surveillance system in Saudi Arabia, this study profiles adults living with treated or aware hypertension vs. the rest of the population and examines co-occurring sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors in 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed data from the 2021 Sharik Health Indicators Surveillance System (SHISS), a nationwide cross-sectional phone survey employing proportional quota sampling across all 13 regions (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914,007; response rate\u2009=\u200968.3%). Hypertension status was defined as self-reported physician diagnosis with current treatment; blood pressure was not directly measured, and the survey relied entirely on self-report. Weighted descriptive statistics summarized prevalence, and multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (AORs, 95% CIs) for factors associated with hypertension. The mean participant age was 36.7\u2009\u00b1\u200913.7 years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 12.3% of respondents reported treated\/aware hypertension. Among these, common comorbidities included hypercholesterolemia (47.9%), diabetes (42.8%), overweight\/obesity (75.2%), heart disease (20.2%), and elevated depression risk (23.8%). In adjusted models, higher age (AOR 1.06 per year, 95% CI 1.05\u20131.06), education below bachelor's (AOR 1.31, 1.14\u20131.50), smoking (daily AOR 1.23, 1.03\u20131.48; occasional AOR 1.64, 1.28\u20132.08), overweight (AOR 1.93, 1.20\u20133.11), and obesity (AOR 2.53, 1.57\u20134.08) were significantly associated with hypertension. Strong associations were also observed with hypercholesterolemia (AOR 4.09, 3.56\u20134.71), heart disease (AOR 3.54, 2.84\u20134.42), and diabetes (AOR 2.64, 2.28\u20133.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults aware of and treated for hypertension in Saudi Arabia exhibit a high burden of behavioral risks and multimorbidity. These findings can guide targeted primary care screening, integrated chronic disease management, and population-level risk reduction programs (e.g., smoking cessation, weight control), with priority to older adults, individuals with lower educational attainment, and those with co-existing diabetes or dyslipidemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1579109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T05:24:19Z","timestamp":1767331459000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Profiling individuals living with hypertension in Saudi Arabia 2021: a nationwide descriptive study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Senitan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora A.","family":"Althumiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaied","family":"Alkhamaali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Shaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasser F.","family":"BinDhim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Global Report on Hypertension: The Race Against a Silent Killer","year":"2023"},{"key":"B2","article-title":"World Health Organization","volume-title":"Hypertension","year":"2023"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092905","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1092905","article-title":"National and regional prevalence rates of hypertension in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive analysis using the national survey data","volume":"11","author":"Alenazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2023.44.10.20230178","article-title":"Overview of hypertension in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Alshammari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"2023 ESH Hypertension Guideline Update: Bringing Us Closer Together Across the Pond","author":"Vemu","year":"2024"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000065","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults","volume":"71","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-024-00914-5","article-title":"Hypertension, depression, and health-related quality of life among hospitalized patients in Afghanistan","volume":"38","author":"Neyazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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