{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T01:53:07Z","timestamp":1775872387107,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-associated Myocarditis (ICIM) is a rare but life-threatening complication when treating Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs). This study aims to provide a foundation for optimizing the early identification, accurate stratification, and individualized treatment of ICIM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was performed on medical records of 5 NSCLC patients who developed myocarditis during ICI treatment. Data including demographics, medication history, clinical manifestations, lab tests, and imaging exams were collected, with analysis combined with a literature review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 5 patients (4 males and 1 female; aged 62\u201372 years, with varying NSCLC stages) developed myocardial injury within 1\u20133 cycles of ICI treatment. All had elevated myocardial markers and non-specific symptoms (palpitations, chest tightness, muscle weakness); 3 had abnormal electrocardiograms (ECGs). Diagnoses included 1 definite, 2 probable, and 2 possible ICIM cases. The glucocorticoid resistance rate was 80% (4\/5), with only 1 patient responding effectively; mortality was 20% (1\/5). No tumor progression was observed after ICI discontinuation [2 Partial Response [PR], 1 Stable Disease [SD], 1 pathological Complete Response [pCR]].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early identification and intervention are critical for ICIM. The core treatment is ICI discontinuation plus glucocorticoid administration, but the optimal second-line regimen for glucocorticoid-resistant patients requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1615085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T06:24:15Z","timestamp":1768458255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A case series and literature review of immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated myocarditis (ICIM) in non-small cell lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yongzhen","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University","place":["Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan 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