{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:14:28Z","timestamp":1787170468916,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type II endoleak (T2EL) is the most common complication following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). T2EL may lead to aneurysm sac expansion and rupture. Identifying high-risk patients is crucial for prophylaxis and early intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-center retrospective study included 332 patients who underwent EVAR for infrarenal AAA. Demographic, clinical, anatomical, and medication-related data were collected. A nomogram was developed based on significant predictors. Its performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T2EL occurred in 70 (21.08%) of 332 patients. Multivariate logistic regression revealed six independent predictors: age, smoking status, intraluminal thrombus (ILT), number of patent lumbar arteries (LA), inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) diameter, and IMA patency. The nomogram demonstrated excellent calibration and strong predictive ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.806 (training set) and 0.758 (validation set). DCA showed clinical benefit across threshold probabilities of 1%\u201366% and 79%\u201392% in the training set, and 1%\u201384% in the validation set.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed nomogram effectively integrates clinical and anatomical factors to assess the risk of T2EL after EVAR. It may help identify patients requiring intensified surveillance or early interventions to mitigate complications. Further multicenter, prospective studies are needed to validate the nomogram's applicability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1639697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T05:24:59Z","timestamp":1757481899000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the risk of type II endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bowen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Abdominal aortic aneurysm","volume":"106","author":"Haque","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.18638","article-title":"What is an abdominal aortic aneurysm?","volume":"328","author":"Baman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1007\/s00117-022-01020-8","article-title":"Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR): update D","volume":"62","author":"Torsello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiologie"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e73066","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.73066","article-title":"Endovascular aneurysm repair versus open surgical repair in treating abdominal aortic aneurysm","volume":"16","author":"Vienneau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"109","article-title":"Type II endoleak: a problem to be solved","volume":"55","author":"Larzon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9181","article-title":"Type II endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair","volume":"100","author":"Sidloff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.07.100","article-title":"Type II endoleaks","volume":"60","author":"Avgerinos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.022","article-title":"Preoperative predictive factors for type II endoleak: trying to define high-risk patients","volume":"46","author":"Su\u00e1rez Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2023.09.019","article-title":"Prevalence of type II endoleak after elective endovascular aneurysm repair with polytetrafluoroethylene- or polyester-based endografts","volume":"79","author":"Kuijpers","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"901","article-title":"Nomogram as predictive model in clinical practice","volume":"36","author":"Gondo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gan To Kagaku Ryoho"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-27356-8","article-title":"A nomogram risk assessment model to predict the possibility of type II endoleak-related re-intervention after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.06.009","article-title":"Editor\u2019s choice - 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