{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T06:54:28Z","timestamp":1767596068241,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR) are common in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the impact of IR on coronary microcirculatory function in non-diabetic STEMI patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between IR and coronary microcirculation function and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at one year after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in non-diabetic STEMI patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 298 non-diabetic STEMI patients who underwent emergency PCI between 2022 and 2024 were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were divided into low, medium, and high groups based on Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR tertiles). Coronary microcirculation function was assessed using the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) and coronary flow reserve (CFR). IMR, CFR, and MACE were compared among the three groups. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationships between HOMA-IR and IMR\/CFR. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of microcirculatory dysfunction, and Cox regression was used to assess risk factors for MACE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IMR increased and CFR decreased with rising HOMA-IR levels (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). HOMA-IR was positively correlated with IMR and negatively correlated with CFR. Patients with higher HOMA-IR levels had significantly higher 1-year MACE incidence than those with lower HOMA-IR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high HOMA-IR was an independent predictor of elevated IMR (\u226525) and reduced CFR (&amp;lt;2.0). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that high HOMA-IR was an independent risk factor for MACE.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In non-diabetic STEMI patients, elevated HOMA-IR is closely associated with coronary microcirculatory dysfunction and increased risk of 1-year MACE. Routine assessment of HOMA-IR may help identify high-risk individuals and support the development of individualized treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1657220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T06:52:16Z","timestamp":1767595936000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between insulin resistance and coronary microcirculatory function and adverse cardiovascular events after PCI in non-diabetic STEMI patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jinrong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020653","article-title":"State of the art of primary PCI: present and future","volume":"14","author":"Mignatti","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520696","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1520696","article-title":"Assessment of postoperative prognosis in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after PCI using 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